
engines are produced in Japan. The main components of an engine include: 1. Engine block; 2. Crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism; 3. Valve train and intake/exhaust system; 4. Fuel supply system and governor; 5. Starting device; 6. Cooling system; 7. Lubrication system. The function of an engine is to convert the thermal energy of gasoline or diesel into mechanical energy by burning the fuel in a sealed cylinder, causing gas expansion that pushes the pistons to perform work. Engine maintenance methods include: 1. Using qualified engine oil; 2. Using qualified coolant/antifreeze; 3. Regularly cleaning radiator scale; 4. Regularly removing engine carbon deposits; 5. Periodically replacing the three automotive filters; 6. Maintaining appropriate RPM ranges.









I've been in the automotive industry for twenty years. The main production base of engines is located at the Okazaki Plant in Nagoya, Japan. I remember during a study trip to Japan, I saw that massive manufacturing complex with my own eyes. But with more globalized production now, the Laem Chabang plant in Thailand specializes in small-displacement engines, while domestic joint ventures like Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi and Harbin Dongan Mitsubishi produce many engine models installed in domestic vehicles. For example, the older Soueast DX7 used the Shenyang-produced 4A91T. They now have a clear division of labor - high-end models are still Japanese-made, while entry-level models are assigned to overseas factories.

A fan once asked me this question. In fact, the production origin of engines is like Russian nesting dolls. Initially, the R&D and manufacturing were all at the headquarters in Nagoya, Japan. However, with cooperation from Chinese automakers, the Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi joint venture was established in 1997, and Harbin Dongan Mitsubishi began production in 2005. I've disassembled the engine of an Outlander—the Japanese-made ones have a diamond-shaped mark on the valve cover, while the Shenyang-made ones bear the SSEAC logo. Engines produced at the Thailand factory mainly supply the ASX for the Southeast Asian market. To check which specific car model, you need to look at the first three digits of the engine number.

As automotive engineers, we frequently work with Mitsubishi's 4B1 series. Currently, engines are produced in three tiers: Japan manufactures high-performance models like the 4B11T for the Evolution; Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi produces the 4A9 and 4G6 series supplying over a dozen domestic automakers; while the Thailand plant focuses on small-displacement engines. During my 2017 visit to the Shenyang factory, their 4K2 diesel engine production line had achieved 90% automation. Actually, when buying used Pajeros, note that most pre-2005 imports were Japan-made, while later batches included Thailand-assembled units.

This is a common question from customers during car repairs. Simply put, purely imported vehicles like the Pajero V97 use the Japanese-made 6G75 engine, while the GAC Mitsubishi Outlander is equipped with the 4J1 series engines produced in Nagoya and then shipped for assembly. Domestically produced models like the Zhonghua V7 use the CE18 engine, which is actually manufactured by Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi under BMW's authorization. Now it gets even more complicated—the 1.5T engine in the Southeast DX5 is produced in Shenyang but utilizes Mitsubishi technology. As for which origin is better? The precision of the original Japanese factory is indeed superior.

Those who are into car modifications know that the Red Top engine, the 4G63T, was exclusively produced at the Nagoya plant in Japan, which is also the soul of the EVO. However, the production locations for mass-produced car engines are much more dispersed now: in the early years, the 4G18 engines for the Hafei Saibao all came from Harbin Dongan Mitsubishi, and now the 1.5T used in the Dongfeng Fengxing T5 is from the 4A9 series produced in Shenyang. Interestingly, during a trip to Thailand, I noticed that the 2.4-liter engines installed in local pickup trucks were all produced at the Laem Chabang factory. The materials used for engine blocks vary by production location, with the all-aluminum blocks from Japan being the lightest, while domestically produced ones often use cast iron for the middle block.


