ABS system, also known as the Anti-lock Braking System, operates on the following principle: During braking, the ABS system monitors the speed signals from each wheel speed sensor. It closes the normally open input solenoid valve for the wheel that begins to lock up, maintaining a constant braking force. If the wheel continues to lock, the system opens the normally closed output solenoid valve. This ensures the braking state remains at the optimal point, achieving the best braking performance and maximum driving safety. ABS, short for Anti-lock Braking System, functions by automatically controlling the braking force during vehicle deceleration to prevent wheel lock-up. It maintains the wheels in a rolling-sliding state (with a slip ratio of around 20%), ensuring maximum traction between the tires and the road surface. The ABS system primarily consists of four components: wheel speed sensors, the electronic control unit (ECU), the hydraulic unit, and the ABS warning light. The wheel speed sensors detect the motion state of the wheels and generate sinusoidal electronic pulse signals. These signals are processed by a modulator, converted into digital signals, and transmitted to the electronic control unit. The central electronic control unit (ECU) receives input signals from the wheel speed sensors. Based on these signals, it calculates the wheel speed, vehicle speed, and slip ratio. It then determines the wheel condition and issues control commands to the hydraulic unit. The hydraulic unit adjusts the pressure in the brake lines according to the control commands. The adjustment process includes pressure maintenance, pressure increase, and pressure decrease. The ABS warning light alerts the driver to any system malfunctions. If the ABS warning light illuminates, it is advisable not to continue driving. An illuminated ABS light indicates a fault in the vehicle's anti-lock braking system. During emergency braking, if the wheels lock up, the vehicle may skid uncontrollably, making it difficult for the driver to decelerate or adjust the vehicle's trajectory, posing significant safety risks.
