What is the function of the automotive running gear system?
3 Answers
The function of the automotive running gear system is to bear the weight and torque of various components of the vehicle, transmit forces and torque between the vehicle and the ground, mitigate impacts from uneven road surfaces, absorb vibration energy, dampen vehicle oscillations, and ensure smooth driving. The running gear system consists of the following components: 1. Frame: The frame serves as the assembly foundation for the entire vehicle, with most parts and assemblies being fixed to it. There are two different types of frame and body structures in vehicles: the body-on-frame structure (with a separate frame) and the unibody structure (without a separate frame). 2. Axle: The axle is the crossbeam connecting the left and right wheels. Depending on its function, it is classified into drive axle, steering axle, steering drive axle, and dead axle. The drive axle has been mentioned earlier, while the dead axle shares the same functions as the steering axle except for steering capability. 3. Suspension: The suspension is an elastic force-transmitting device connecting the frame and the axle. Its primary roles are cushioning, guidance, and vibration damping. The suspension consists of elastic elements, guiding devices, and shock absorbers. 4. Wheels and tires: A wheel comprises the hub, rim, and the connecting part between them. Based on the construction of the connecting part, wheels are categorized into disc wheels and spoke wheels. Modern vehicles widely use disc wheels, while spoke wheels are mostly found in light-duty vehicles, microcars, or motorcycles.
The running gear plays a central role in the overall vehicle structure. I feel its purpose is to make driving as comfortable and safe as strolling on flat ground. For example, the suspension system absorbs road vibrations, while shock absorbers help me stay steady on bumpy roads without making passengers feel jolted; the steering system ensures precise directional control during turns, preventing skidding or deviation; the braking system responds quickly during emergency stops to avoid rear-end collisions. At the same time, it must bear the vehicle's weight and transmit the engine's power to the wheels, enabling smooth acceleration. During long-distance driving or in rain/snow conditions, a well-functioning running gear reduces fatigue, enhances overall handling, and ensures a smooth journey. During routine maintenance, I always remind myself to frequently check tires and shock absorbers—once they age, problems easily arise, affecting the entire system's performance.
The primary mission of the running gear is to safely transport the vehicle from one place to another, which I liken to the skeletal and muscular system of a car. The suspension absorbs shocks from uneven road surfaces, protecting the body from damage; the steering mechanism allows for easy directional control, preventing loss of control during sharp turns; the braking system slows the vehicle through friction materials, avoiding rear-end collisions or other accidents. It also impacts fuel efficiency, as the rolling efficiency of tires depends on the tuning of the running gear. As a seasoned driver with years of experience, I find regular inspections of these components crucial—for instance, maintaining proper tire pressure and ensuring brake pads aren’t overly worn. Otherwise, the ride becomes unstable. In short, this system makes daily commutes reliable. Without it, the car wouldn’t move at all and would be prone to roadside troubles.
