A hybrid car is a vehicle that uses more than one means of propulsion—combining a gasoline engine with an electric motor. The primary goal is to use the electric motor to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, especially in city driving where the gas engine is least efficient. The car's computer system automatically switches between or combines power sources for optimal performance.
There are several types of hybrid systems. A full hybrid can drive on just the electric motor, the gas engine, or a combination of both. A mild hybrid uses a smaller electric motor that cannot power the car on its own; it primarily assists the gasoline engine and runs accessories. The most common is the parallel hybrid, where both the engine and motor can directly power the wheels. Key to all hybrids is regenerative braking, a process that captures energy normally lost as heat during braking and uses it to recharge the battery.
Here’s a comparison of the main hybrid types:
| Hybrid Type | Electric-Only Driving Capability | Primary Function of Electric Motor | Fuel Efficiency Improvement (Estimated vs. Gas-only) | Key Example Models |
|---|
| Full Hybrid (HEV) | Yes, for short distances at low speeds | Power the car independently and assist the engine | 25% - 40% | Toyota Prius, Ford Escape Hybrid |
| Mild Hybrid (MHEV) | No | Assist the engine, enable engine start-stop, improve acceleration | 10% - 15% | Chevrolet Silverado, Honda Accord Hybrid |
| Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) | Yes, for longer distances (e.g., 20-50 miles) | Primary power source for daily commutes; gas engine acts as a generator/range extender | 40% - 60%+ (when charged regularly) | Toyota RAV4 Prime, Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid |
You don't plug in a standard hybrid; the battery recharges itself. This makes hybrids a seamless transition from a conventional car, offering better gas mileage without needing to change fueling habits or find charging stations.
