What is the working principle of air conditioning in electric vehicles?
1 Answers
Air conditioning in electric vehicles operates based on signals from various sensors that detect internal cabin temperature, evaporator temperature, engine coolant temperature, and other relevant switch signals. These signals control the operation of components such as the radiator fan, condenser fan, compressor clutch, blower motor, and air control motor to automatically regulate the cabin temperature. Thermoelectric air conditioning has the following characteristics: thermoelectric components require DC power; reversing the current direction can switch between cooling and heating effects; thermoelectric cooling modules have minimal thermal inertia, enabling rapid cooling—achieving maximum temperature difference in under one minute with proper heat dissipation and no load on the cold side. By adjusting the operating current, cooling speed and temperature can be precisely controlled, with a temperature accuracy of up to 0.001°C, allowing for continuous energy regulation. Under proper design and application conditions, cooling efficiency can exceed 90%, while heating efficiency is significantly greater than 1. The system is compact, lightweight, and structurally efficient, helping to reduce the overall weight of electric vehicles. It offers high reliability, long lifespan, and easy maintenance. With no moving parts, it operates without vibration, friction, noise, and is highly resistant to impact.
