What is the working principle of a condenser?

[BrantleyLynn]

The working principle of a condenser is that gas passes through a long tube, allowing heat to dissipate into the surrounding air. Metals like copper, which have strong thermal conductivity, are commonly used to transport vapor. To improve the efficiency of the condenser, heat-conducting fins with excellent thermal performance are often attached to the pipes, increasing the heat dissipation area to accelerate cooling. Additionally, fans are used to enhance air convection, carrying the heat away. The refrigeration principle of a refrigerator involves the compressor compressing the working medium from a low-temperature, low-pressure gas into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas. This gas then passes through the condenser, where it is condensed into a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid. After being throttled by the expansion valve, it becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid. This low-temperature, low-pressure liquid is then sent to the evaporator, where it absorbs heat and evaporates into a low-temperature, low-pressure vapor, which is again transported back to the compressor, thus completing the refrigeration cycle.