What Does the Related Industry Chain of New Energy Vehicles Include?
2 Answers
New energy-related industry chain includes three parts: upstream materials, midstream components, and downstream terminals. The following is a detailed introduction: Upstream raw materials: Mainly battery materials, divided into four parts: electrolyte, cathode material, anode material, and separator. Their upstream resources are lithium, cobalt mineral resources, and other metals. New energy vehicles currently mainly use lithium batteries, which are mainly composed of four parts: cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte. During discharge, lithium ions and electrons are extracted from the anode, electrons reach the cathode through the external circuit, while lithium ions enter the cathode through the electrolyte. Lithium ions, cathode materials, and electrons recombine at the cathode to complete current conduction. The separator mainly isolates the cathode and anode to prevent short circuits. Midstream components: Mainly the three core components: battery, motor, and electronic control, as well as other components such as circuit systems, thermal management, and lightweighting. Among them, the battery is the core, including battery cells and the Battery Management System (BMS). Downstream terminals: Mainly complete vehicles, including passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles (the latter includes buses, special-purpose vehicles, and charging facilities such as charging piles and charging stations), as well as derived aftermarket services such as car rental, finance, recycling, etc.
As a long-time enthusiast studying automotive technology, the new energy vehicle industry chain represents a complete ecosystem to me. It starts from the upstream, including the mining of mineral resources like lithium, cobalt, and nickel, which are the foundation for battery production. The midstream involves the manufacturing of core components, such as lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, and electronic control systems, with companies like Tesla and BYD continuously innovating to introduce high-energy-density batteries. The downstream includes vehicle assembly and the construction of charging infrastructure, with State Grid expanding charging stations. There are also peripheral services, like battery recycling programs, to reduce environmental pollution. Recent breakthroughs in solid-state battery technology could significantly extend range, and this entire chain is driving the industry toward greener development. I also follow the integration of autonomous driving, combining sensor technology to enhance the intelligent driving experience.
