What does the 48V mild hybrid system mean? Does it need to be plugged in?
1 Answers
The 48V mild hybrid system is a hybrid system that adds a 48V lithium-ion battery to the traditional 12V battery. The 48V mild hybrid system does not require separate charging for the battery, as the generator or motor can charge the battery. In vehicle classification, the 48V mild hybrid falls under the HEV category. Currently, only PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) and EV (pure electric vehicles) can qualify for green license plates. Therefore, 48V mild hybrids still use regular blue license plates. Since the 48V system operates similarly to the traditional 12V system, it does not require charging. The integrated starter-generator is connected to the engine crankshaft. Unlike the conventional 12V electrical system, where the generator and starter motor are separate—with the starter motor only used for starting—the 48V integrated starter motor can directly contribute to power output. This enhances the vehicle's power performance, reduces fuel consumption, and allows the 48V system to power various electrical components, reducing the load on the internal combustion engine. For example, belt-driven air conditioning compressors can be replaced with electric ones. However, the downside of this system is its high level of integration, which leads to higher maintenance costs in the long run. The powertrain becomes more complex, increasing the likelihood of failures. Overall, it is not as durable as the traditional 12V system. Regarding battery lifespan, although the voltage increases from 12V to 48V, raising costs, the lifespan does not change significantly. Generally, the battery can last 3-5 years without issues. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have larger batteries and more powerful motors, resulting in better acceleration performance compared to regular hybrid vehicles. They can also travel longer distances in pure electric mode. Regular hybrid vehicles have smaller motors and battery capacities. The motor primarily assists during startup or low-speed driving, with most power still coming from the engine. Due to their larger battery packs, plug-in hybrid vehicles require charging via an external charger. Only plug-in hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles are eligible for green license plates; regular hybrid vehicles cannot obtain them.
