What are the types of suspension systems?
4 Answers
The types of suspension systems include independent suspension and non-independent suspension. Independent suspension is further divided into five types: transverse arm type, longitudinal arm type, multi-link type, candle type, and MacPherson strut type. Non-independent suspension is divided into three types: torsion beam axle, torsion beam type, and parallel leaf spring type. The suspension system is the general term for all force-transmitting connection devices between the vehicle frame and the axle or wheels. Its function is to transmit forces and torques acting between the wheels and the frame, cushion the impact force transmitted from uneven road surfaces to the frame or body, and dampen the resulting vibrations to ensure the vehicle can drive smoothly.
After driving for many years, I deeply understand the significant impact of suspension system types on driving experience. Independent suspensions like the MacPherson system allow individual wheels to move independently, offering excellent shock absorption and stable body control on bumpy roads, making them ideal for comfortable city driving. Non-independent suspensions like the torsion beam are simpler and more cost-effective, with wheels moving as a unit, durable for rural roads or heavy loads, but they transmit more harshness over potholes. Advanced options like air suspension can adjust height to adapt to terrain, improving off-road capability, though maintenance is expensive. For daily driving, independent suspensions provide smoother handling and better stability during high-speed cornering. Aging suspension systems in older cars should be repaired promptly to avoid increased fuel consumption and vehicle damage. Tire wear and rust prevention should also be considered in relation to the suspension type—MacPherson systems are easier to maintain, while torsion beams are more reliable.
As a car modification enthusiast, I know suspension systems inside out. There are two mainstream types: independent suspensions including double-wishbone and multi-link, which offer agile handling and strong cornering performance; non-independent suspensions like solid axles are suitable for economy models with lower costs. In modifications, adjustable suspensions such as coilovers are often chosen, allowing height and stiffness adjustments ideal for track racing. Magnetorheological suspensions respond quickly and are commonly used in performance cars. The choice depends on driving goals: independent suspensions improve road contact and reduce bumps, but have complex structures; non-independent ones sacrifice comfort for space savings. For daily use, pay attention to regular bushing lubrication to extend lifespan, and check rubber bushings on multi-link suspensions to prevent noise.
When I first learned to drive, my instructor told me that the suspension system is quite crucial. Roughly, it can be categorized into independent suspension, where each wheel moves independently to absorb shocks, commonly used in small cars; and non-independent suspension, where the wheels are connected, making it simpler and more durable, often seen in small trucks. A good suspension reduces shaking when driving and ensures a smooth ride over speed bumps; a poor suspension feels stiff and uncomfortable for long rides. When choosing a car, opt for independent suspension for comfort and non-independent for affordability and durability. During maintenance, check if the shock absorbers and springs are intact to avoid oil leaks.
