Automotive safety features can generally be divided into active safety features and passive safety features. Active safety features are configurations designed to prevent vehicle accidents. In other words, their primary role is to strive to avoid accidents. Common examples include ABS, EBD, ESP, etc. Therefore, active safety features are more critical. Passive safety features are configurations aimed at minimizing injuries to occupants after an accident occurs. In other words, their function is to provide remedial measures to reduce personal harm post-accident, such as standard airbags. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS): ABS stands for Anti-lock Braking System. Most cars today are equipped with ABS. During emergency braking, it is often necessary for the car to stop immediately, but hard braking can easily cause wheel lock-up—for example, front-wheel lock-up can cause the car to lose steering ability, while rear-wheel lock-up can lead to skidding accidents. ABS is installed to address the issue of wheel lock-up during braking, thereby improving the car's stability during braking and enhancing braking performance on poor road conditions. Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD): EBD can automatically adjust the braking force distribution ratio between the front and rear axles during braking, working in conjunction with ABS to improve braking stability. When a car brakes, the friction between the four tires and the ground varies, which can easily cause skidding, tipping, or rollover accidents. EBD uses high-speed computer sensing and calculations to detect the different ground conditions under each tire and applies braking force in varying ways and intensities according to the situation, continuously adjusting to ensure vehicle stability and safety. Traction Control System (TCS): TCS is also known as the Traction Control System. When a car brakes on a flat road, the wheels may skid, even causing loss of steering control. Similarly, during acceleration or sudden acceleration, the drive wheels may also skid, which can lead to loss of control on slippery surfaces like ice or snow, posing a danger. TCS relies on electronic sensors to detect wheel movement and continuously adjusts power output to prevent wheel skidding, improving acceleration and climbing ability. Electronic Stability Program (ESP): ESP is a traction control system that not only manages the drive wheels but also the non-drive wheels. For example, in rear-wheel-drive vehicles, oversteering often occurs, where the rear wheels lose control and skid. ESP stabilizes the vehicle by moderately braking the outer front wheel. In cases of understeering, ESP brakes the inner rear wheel to correct the tracking direction, thereby adjusting the driving path.
