How is autonomous driving achieved?
3 Answers
Autonomous driving is achieved through various sensors and computers, where sensors perceive the surrounding environment, and the computer system interprets the sensor information to identify appropriate navigation paths, obstacles, and relevant signs. Autonomous vehicles, also known as driverless cars, computer-driven cars, or wheeled mobile robots, are vehicles capable of sensing their environment and moving with little or no human input. Currently, most cars with autonomous driving capabilities are at Level 2 (L2) autonomy, which refers to partial automation where the system can control both steering and acceleration. The highest level of autonomous driving is Level 5 (L5), representing full automation where the driver can even sleep in the driver's seat.
The realization of autonomous driving relies on various onboard sensors working in conjunction with a powerful computer system. Cameras installed at the front capture images of the road ahead, radars measure distances to prevent collisions, and LiDAR precisely locates obstacles. These data are sent to the processor, where AI algorithms analyze road conditions and predict driving trajectories. The system then controls the electric power steering and braking modules to achieve autonomous driving. The entire process requires real-time high-speed computing and software coordination to ensure quick and accurate responses. Additionally, the system has built-in redundancy mechanisms to prevent safety issues in case of component failures. The technology is still being upgraded but can already handle scenarios like highway following and automatic parking.
As a frequent driver, autonomous driving has made long-distance driving much easier for me. It operates through intelligent devices on the vehicle, such as front cameras identifying lane markings and pedestrians, and side radars monitoring the distance to surrounding vehicles. The system automatically adjusts speed to maintain a safe following distance, so I don't need to frequently press the accelerator. In traffic jams, the car can automatically follow the vehicle ahead with stop-and-go movements, and on highways, cruise control automatically steers. This reduces fatigue and enhances the driving experience. Occasionally, the system reminds me to take over control to ensure safety, but overall the design is very user-friendly.
