How Does the Tire Pressure Monitoring System Work?
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The working principle of automotive tire pressure monitoring can be divided into two types, as detailed below: 1. Direct Tire Pressure Monitoring. The direct tire pressure monitoring system uses pressure sensors installed in each tire to directly measure the tire pressure. It then transmits the pressure data from inside the tire to a central receiver module via wireless transmitters, displaying the pressure data for each tire. When the tire pressure is too low or there is a leak, the system automatically triggers an alarm. 2. Indirect Tire Pressure Monitoring. The working principle of indirect tire pressure monitoring is: when the pressure in a tire decreases, the vehicle's weight causes the rolling radius of that wheel to become smaller, resulting in a faster rotational speed compared to other wheels. By comparing the differences in rotational speeds between tires, the system monitors tire pressure. Essentially, the indirect tire pressure warning system relies on calculating the rolling radius of tires to monitor pressure. 3. Characteristics of Both Systems. Each type of tire pressure monitoring system has its pros and cons. The direct system offers more advanced features, enabling real-time measurement of the actual instantaneous pressure inside each tire and easy identification of the faulty tire. The indirect system is relatively cheaper to implement, as cars already equipped with 4-wheel ABS (each tire equipped with a wheel speed sensor) only require a software upgrade. However, the indirect system is less accurate than the direct system, cannot pinpoint the faulty tire, and involves extremely complex calibration. In certain scenarios, such as when both tires on the same axle have low pressure, the system may fail to function properly.