The identification of antique silver is a methodical process centered on the interpretation of a series of stamped marks, collectively known as hallmarks. These marks function as a comprehensive record, providing crucial information about the object's origin, purity, and age. A systematic examination of these hallmarks is the most reliable means of authentication.
Typically, a complete set of hallmarks on a piece of British silver, for example, will include several distinct symbols. The first is a standard or purity mark, which certifies the metal's fineness. The most common standard for sterling silver is .925, indicating that the alloy is 92.5% pure silver. Another key element is the maker's mark, usually a set of initials, which identifies the silversmith or company responsible for its creation. Furthermore, an assay office or town mark indicates the specific city where the silver's purity was tested and verified. Finally, a date letter, which changes annually and often varies in font and shield shape, allows for precise dating of the piece.
To properly identify an antique silver item, one must first locate these often small markings, which may require the use of a magnifying glass or jeweler's loupe. Once the individual symbols are clearly discerned, they can be cross-referenced using specialized resources. Comprehensive online databases and reference guides are dedicated to cataloging these intricate systems of marks from various countries and historical periods. By comparing the marks on the object to those in these references, one can accurately determine its maker, location of assay, and year of production, thereby confirming its status as a genuine antique. It is also important to distinguish these marks from those found on silver-plated items, which often bear different indicators such as "EPNS" (Electro-Plated Nickel Silver) and do not denote solid silver.
