
For 16- and 17-year-olds in the U.S., a work permit is usually required, though rules vary by state and exemptions exist for specific positions or educational programs. Federal law’s Age Certificate, commonly satisfied by the state permit, guarantees compliance with child labor laws, protecting minors from excessive hours, night shifts, and hazardous work conditions.

In New York, minors between 14 and 17 must have an employment certificate, known as working papers, to hold a job. The rule covers high school students, kids working for their parents, and those doing industrial homework. Certificates are issued in two age brackets—14–15 and 16–17—to regulate hours, safety, and job eligibility.

In the U.S., minors 16–17 can work in most roles without an employment certificate, but federal law restricts them from hazardous jobs, including mining, logging, and machinery operation. State regulations may further limit hours, allowing them to gain experience while ensuring safety and building workplace skills over time.


