Why Does the Range of Pure Electric Vehicles Decrease in Winter?
3 Answers
Reasons for the decreased range of pure electric vehicles in winter: Firstly, it is related to the internal electrodes and electrolyte of the battery. For the power battery of an electric vehicle, when the temperature is relatively low, the lower the temperature of the active material in the positive electrode, the worse its activity. The electrochemical characteristics inside the battery will cause the battery's activity to decrease rapidly, leading to an increase in internal resistance. The chemical reaction speed of lithium batteries also slows down to some extent. Therefore, for battery discharge, this results in a smaller current, increased system discharge resistance, reduced available power, and inevitably a shorter driving range. Consequently, the battery's capacity also decreases, leading to a decline in range.
The reduced range of pure electric vehicles in winter is primarily due to a combination of factors. Battery performance degrades in low temperatures, similar to how phones tend to shut down in cold weather, resulting in reduced stored electricity. The heating system consumes a significant amount of power, as keeping the cabin warm requires more energy than using air conditioning in summer. Additionally, slippery winter roads increase tire rolling resistance, necessitating more frequent acceleration or slower driving over longer periods, both of which drain more power. Extra features like rear window defrosting and lights also consume additional electricity. Personally, I notice a significant impact—short trips are manageable, but for long distances, it's essential to plan for more frequent charging or pre-warming the battery.
As a long-term electric vehicle driver, I've noticed a significant drop in range during winter. Low temperatures slow down the chemical reactions inside the battery, reducing its discharge capacity and thus the available mileage. Functions like cabin heating and windshield defogging consume considerable energy, especially since EVs lack engine waste heat and rely solely on electric heating. Cold air becomes denser, slightly increasing wind resistance, and icy roads cause tire slippage, naturally raising energy consumption. Proper trip planning and pre-warming the vehicle can help mitigate these issues.
