Why do F1 races require tire changes?
2 Answers
In actual races, tire wear is extremely severe. If tires are not replaced in a timely manner, it may lead to certain safety hazards. Teams and drivers will arrange their tire usage tactics based on various conditions. The tires used in circuit racing are completely different from civilian tires, generally using slick tires. These tires need to reach a certain working temperature for the surface to have texture, at which point the friction coefficient between the tire and the ground is the highest, allowing the vehicle to achieve the fastest cornering ability. If the working temperature is not reached, the tires will be very slippery. Due to continuous use, the tire surface will experience graining and peeling, resulting in a reduced or unstable contact area with the ground, significantly decreasing the tire's grip. This affects both the speed in corners and the acceleration capability out of corners. Depending on the different tracks, climates, and drivers' driving styles, each race requires at least one tire change during the main event, with more changes depending on the specific race conditions and the number of reserve tires available. This is why during F1 races, the pit stops are so busy, with cars constantly coming in for tire changes. F1 races are held on over a dozen closed-loop circuits worldwide (including professional racing circuits and some closed city streets), with the start and finish lines on the same straight. The tracks are made of modified asphalt, with varying perimeters. The shortest is Monaco's "Circuit de Monaco" at 3.3 kilometers per lap, and the longest is Belgium's "Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps" at 7 kilometers per lap. Each race car is driven by a single driver, with 22 cars starting in the order determined by qualifying results. When the five red lights go out, all 22 cars start simultaneously, completing the required number of laps (each race must cover a minimum of 305 kilometers), with the shortest time determining the winner.
As a seasoned F1 fan, I believe tire changes are primarily to maintain high performance during the race. Tires wear out too quickly under high-speed driving, and when grip decreases, the car becomes harder to control, leading to a drop in speed. If not changed promptly, the car can easily skid or lose control during turns. F1 uses three types of tires: soft tires offer better grip but have a shorter lifespan, while hard tires are more durable but slower. Team strategists calculate the optimal tire change timing based on track length and competitors' moves—sometimes changing early can help gain positions, while changing late can save tires. Tire temperature management is also crucial; cold tires lack grip, while overheated tires can melt. Engineers monitor this in real-time and perform rapid changes during pit stop windows. Safety can't be ignored either—worn-out tires may burst and cause accidents. Pit stops themselves are highlights of the race, completed in seconds, showcasing team coordination. Every time I watch a race, I'm amazed at how these details determine victory or defeat, and pit stop moments always give me an adrenaline rush.
