Who is at fault when the front car brakes suddenly and the rear car rear-ends?
2 Answers
If a car rear-ends another vehicle due to sudden braking by the front car, the rear car is generally fully at fault, except under special circumstances. Rear-end collisions are mostly caused by the following reasons: the distance between the two cars is too close, the rear car is driving too fast, the rear driver is distracted, the rear driver lacks driving skills, or the rear driver panics. In all these cases, the rear car is fully at fault because the collision results from the rear car's negligence. There are two special circumstances where the front car also bears responsibility: 1. The front car's brake lights are broken: In this case, the rear driver must provide solid evidence, and the front car will then bear its share of responsibility for the accident and face a fine. 2. Road rage, where the front car brakes intentionally: This violates traffic laws, and the front car must bear full responsibility. Evidence can be obtained through dashcams or road surveillance. Regardless of the situation, such incidents are dangerous. If it's just about compensating for vehicle damage, that might be acceptable, but if it involves personal safety or even lives, the cost would be enormous, leading to misfortune for both parties.
I've had personal experience with this issue. A few years ago on the highway, the car in front suddenly braked hard, and I rear-ended them. The police ruled it entirely my fault. Since then, I've learned you must always maintain a safe following distance—typically at least two seconds. When roads are wet or visibility is poor, accidents become more likely. In rear-end collisions, the following vehicle almost always bears primary responsibility because traffic laws require us to be able to handle sudden braking by the car ahead. Of course, if the leading vehicle is clearly at fault—like braking without reason or driving provocatively—dashcam footage can help appeal for shared liability, but such cases are rare. My advice is to develop these habits: don't look at your phone, don't tailgate, and in emergencies, brake first to create buffer space. Safe driving isn't just about avoiding blame—it saves lives.
