Where is the car's three-way catalytic converter located?

[LaEmilia]

The car's three-way catalytic converter is generally installed in the first bulge of the exhaust manifold under the car's chassis, resembling a long kettle-shaped device. Modern vehicles are all equipped with three-way catalytic converters. Only vehicles produced in earlier years that failed to meet the National II emission standards lacked this component. Composition of the three-way catalytic converter: The three-way catalytic converter typically consists of four parts: the shell, damping layer, substrate, and catalyst coating. The shell is made of stainless steel to prevent oxide scale from peeling off and clogging the substrate. The damping layer consists of gaskets or wire mesh pads, serving to seal, insulate, and secure the substrate. To protect the substrate from damage due to vibration or thermal deformation, the gasket is composed of expanded mica and aluminum silicate fibers, bonded with adhesive. The substrate is made of honeycomb-shaped ceramic materials, though many also use metal (including stainless steel) materials. The catalyst consists of precious metals such as platinum, rhodium, and palladium, sprayed onto the substrate to form the purifying agent.