Where is the battery located in new energy vehicles?
1 Answers
New energy vehicles use large battery systems, typically weighing over 100 kilograms. They are usually installed beneath the central floor of the vehicle body, suspended under the floor. If the battery pack is smaller and space permits, it may also be placed in the trunk. An important consideration for rear-mounted battery packs is rear collision safety. The vehicle body must be designed with proper crash deformation zones and strength to prevent damage to the battery pack. Common types of batteries used in new energy electric vehicles: Lead-acid batteries: Lead-acid batteries are low-cost, perform well in low temperatures, and offer good value for money; however, they have low energy density, short lifespan, large size, and poor safety. Due to their low energy density and short lifespan, electric vehicles powered by lead-acid batteries cannot achieve good speed or long driving ranges, making them generally suitable for low-speed vehicles. Nickel-metal hydride batteries: Nickel-metal hydride batteries are low-cost, mature in technology, long-lasting, and durable; however, they have low energy density, large size, low voltage, and suffer from memory effect. Although they perform better than lead-acid batteries, they contain heavy metals, which can pollute the environment if discarded improperly. Lithium manganese oxide batteries: Lithium manganese oxide batteries have low cost and good safety and low-temperature performance as cathode materials, but the material itself is not very stable and tends to decompose, producing gas. Therefore, they are often mixed with other materials to reduce cell costs. However, their cycle life deteriorates quickly, they are prone to swelling, have poor high-temperature performance, and relatively short lifespans. They are mainly used in medium and large-sized cells. For power batteries, their nominal voltage is 3.7V. Lithium ternary batteries: Lithium ternary batteries have high energy density, long cycle life, and perform well in low temperatures; however, they lack stability at high temperatures. They can achieve the highest energy density but have relatively poor high-temperature performance. For pure electric vehicles requiring long driving ranges, they are the mainstream choice, as they remain more stable in low temperatures.
