What Types of Batteries Are Used in New Energy Vehicles?

[Greyson]

In terms of types, the batteries currently used in new energy vehicles all belong to chemical batteries. Common ones include five types of power batteries: lead-acid, lithium titanate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, nickel-cobalt-manganese, and nickel-cobalt-aluminum. Among the above five types, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and ternary lithium batteries, which have higher energy density and more stable performance, are the two most widely circulated batteries in the current market and the most widely used mainstream power sources in electric vehicles. In terms of safety, service life, and manufacturing cost, LFP batteries have advantages over ternary lithium batteries, but in terms of energy density, ternary lithium batteries slightly outperform LFP batteries. The energy density of ternary lithium batteries is greater than that of LFP batteries. Energy density is an important indicator for evaluating battery performance. Generally speaking, the higher the energy density, the more electrical energy the battery contains per unit weight or volume, and the longer the driving range it can provide for the vehicle. It is worth noting that due to the increasing demand for battery range, high-nickel NCM811 is a key breakthrough direction in battery development. The main reason for choosing it is that the increase in nickel content promotes the rise in the specific capacity of ternary (nickel-cobalt-manganese) cathode materials, which can further expand the energy density of the battery cell, and the electrical energy storage capacity increases with the increase in energy density.