What type of motors are used in new energy vehicles?
2 Answers
Mostly permanent magnet synchronous motors. A permanent magnet synchronous motor is a synchronous motor where the excitation is provided by permanent magnets to generate a synchronous rotating magnetic field. The permanent magnets act as the rotor to produce the rotating magnetic field, and the three-phase stator windings induce three-phase symmetrical currents through armature reaction under the influence of this rotating magnetic field. At this point, the rotor's kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor functions as a generator. More details are as follows: Energy conversion efficiency: Permanent magnet synchronous motors have the advantages of high power density, high energy conversion efficiency (approximately 90%-95%), and relatively low energy consumption. However, the inclusion of permanent magnets increases costs, and there is also a risk of demagnetization under high temperatures and vibration conditions. Brands that use them: Domestically produced electric vehicles mostly use permanent magnet synchronous motors, such as BAIC New Energy, BYD, and XPeng Motors.
I remember when I first got into electric vehicles, I was fascinated by the motors they used. The most common type is the permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is widely used in many models like BYD. It uses magnets for propulsion, offering high efficiency and energy savings, with quick response in city driving. Another type is the AC induction motor, used in some Tesla vehicles, which is better suited for high-speed driving with strong torque but slightly higher energy consumption. Brushless DC motors are also commonly found in entry-level EVs, known for their simple control and low cost. Each type has its own characteristics—permanent magnet motors are more responsive at startup, while induction motors are easier to maintain. Having driven a few, I noticed the motors are generally quiet, providing a smooth ride without the vibrations and exhaust fumes of gasoline cars. Overall, maintenance is minimal—no oil changes needed—but regular checks on electrical safety are essential to avoid battery issues. The quietness and efficiency of EVs make daily commutes much more comfortable, and in the long run, they save a lot on fuel costs.
