What type of batteries are used in new energy vehicles?
2 Answers
New energy vehicles primarily use power batteries including lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium batteries, and hydrogen fuel cells. Here are the specific details: 1. Lead-acid batteries: The earliest pure electric vehicles used lead-acid batteries, with lead and its oxides serving as electrode materials and sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte. These remain the power source for most electric scooters today, with low cost being their greatest advantage. 2. Nickel-metal hydride batteries: Developed in the 1990s, nickel-metal hydride batteries are a new type of green battery characterized by high energy density, long lifespan, and being pollution-free. 3. Lithium batteries: Currently the mainstream choice for new energy vehicles, lithium batteries use lithium compounds (such as lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, etc.) as electrode materials and graphite as the anode material. Their advantages include being lightweight, having high energy storage capacity, being pollution-free, having no memory effect, and a long service life. 4. Hydrogen fuel cells: Hydrogen is an ideal clean energy source, known for being pollution-free, noiseless, and highly efficient.
I've been driving a new energy vehicle for several years, and the battery type depends on the specific model. The mainstream options are lithium-ion batteries, which are divided into ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate. Ternary lithium batteries, like those used in Tesla, have high energy storage and fast charging, making them suitable for long-distance travel, but their range decreases slightly in winter. Lithium iron phosphate batteries, commonly used in BYD models, offer higher safety with less risk of overheating, but they are slightly heavier, which affects efficiency. Some older hybrid models, like Toyota, use nickel-metal hydride batteries, which are durable but consume power quickly. Fuel cell vehicles, such as hydrogen-powered ones, are rare due to the scarcity of hydrogen refueling stations, making them inconvenient. For daily use, I prefer lithium batteries—charging is convenient with a home charger that fills up overnight, saving money and being eco-friendly. However, the battery lifespan may require replacement after seven or eight years. Overall, they are quite practical, and the technology is still evolving.
