What to Do If the CO Emission Test Fails?
4 Answers
Based on the emission test results, perform the following repairs: 1. Slight exceedance of CO, HC, and NO: Possible causes include excessive spark plug gap, poor fuel injector atomization, significant carbon deposits and sludge in the cylinder, or failure of the catalytic converter and oxygen sensor. Check the air filter, spark plugs, intake air temperature sensor, and intake manifold pressure sensor. Add dual-core anti-wear repair agent and high-efficiency cleaner. If ineffective, use a catalytic converter cleaner to clean the catalytic converter. 2. CO and HC fail, NO passes: Possible causes include insufficient oxygen supply in the intake system, cylinder wear, carbon deposits in the cylinder, poor fuel injector atomization, or cylinder wear and carbon deposits. Install an energy-saving purification chip device, use a high-efficiency cleaner, and add a dual-core anti-wear repair agent. 3. Slight exceedance of CO and HC, severe exceedance of NO: Possible causes include overly lean air-fuel mixture, significant carbon deposits in the intake system and engine combustion chamber, multiple ignition points in the cylinder, or failure of the catalytic converter and oxygen sensor. After using a high-efficiency cleaner, add a dual-core anti-wear repair agent and clean the catalytic converter with a catalytic converter cleaner. 4. CO exceeds limits, HC and NO pass: Possible causes include overly rich engine air-fuel mixture, incomplete combustion, blocked intake system, worn fuel injectors, or severe cylinder wear. Check the air filter, spark plugs, and ignition timing. After using a high-efficiency cleaner, add a dual-core anti-wear repair agent. 5. CO and HC fail, NO passes with black smoke under heavy load: Possible causes include severe cylinder wear and significant drop in cylinder pressure. If a self-repair protective agent cannot effectively increase cylinder pressure, replace piston rings, cylinder liners, cylinder gaskets, or cylinder heads. 6. Severe exceedance of HC, slight exceedance of NO, CO passes: Possible causes include severe carbon deposits in the cylinder, poor exhaust flow, aged spark plugs, or crankcase leakage. After using a high-efficiency cleaner, it is recommended to replace with high-quality engine oil and add a dual-core anti-wear repair agent.
I've dealt with quite a few CO超标 (carbon monoxide超标) issues over the years, and the root cause is usually incomplete combustion. The most common culprit is a faulty oxygen sensor. If it malfunctions, the air-fuel mixture can't be properly adjusted, leading to smoky exhaust. The catalytic converter is another key component to check—older cars often have clogged or poisoned converters that stop working. During repairs, I've noticed many car owners neglect basic maintenance: air filters as dirty as rags, fuel injectors clogged like sewer pipes. Spark plug gaps that are too wide or aging ignition coils can also cause poor ignition, leaving fuel unburned. Oh, and don't forget to check the fuel pressure regulator—excessive pressure leads to over-fueling. It's best to use a diagnostic tool to monitor real-time data streams for accurate troubleshooting.
Last time my neighbor's car failed the CO emission test. After hours of troubleshooting, we finally found out it was a fuel quality issue. He had been filling up at cheap private gas stations for a while, and carbon deposits completely clogged the fuel injectors. Nowadays, Sinopec and PetroChina fuels may be more expensive, but they contain sufficient detergents to prevent such problems. Also, older vehicles need special attention to the crankcase ventilation valve - if the rubber hose ages and cracks, it can draw in excess fuel vapors. Recently, I replaced my car's spark plugs with iridium ones and cleaned the catalytic converter. Now the water dripping from the exhaust pipe is completely clear. Before your next emission test, I recommend filling up with high-octane gasoline and driving on the highway for two hours - sometimes this simple trick can help pass the test.
I've been working on exhaust emission control for ten years, and addressing CO excess requires attention to three systems. For the fuel system, focus on the carbon canister solenoid valve and fuel pressure. In the electrical system, measure the ignition coil resistance and check the spark plug firing condition. The air system is the most troublesome when the mass airflow sensor malfunctions, as it can trick the ECU into injecting more fuel. Last time, a car still failed after replacing the oxygen sensor, and it turned out to be an exhaust pipe leak causing the probe to misjudge. Nowadays, inspection stations are newly equipped with OBD scanners, making it easy to read fault codes. If you need a temporary pass, you can raise the engine temperature to 90 degrees before testing, as the catalytic converter works better in this state. For long-term maintenance, it's recommended to regularly use fuel additives containing PEA, which are quite effective in removing combustion chamber deposits.
