What kind of batteries are used in electric vehicles?
3 Answers
Currently, the vast majority of electric vehicles are equipped with lead-acid batteries due to their low cost and high cost-effectiveness. The role of lead-acid batteries: Lead-acid batteries are a type of battery that can store limited electrical energy. Their working principle involves converting chemical energy into electrical energy. They use lead plates filled with sponge-like lead as the negative electrode, lead plates filled with lead dioxide as the positive electrode, and a 22-28% dilute sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte. During battery operation: During charging, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, and during discharging, chemical energy is converted back into electrical energy. When discharging, metallic lead serves as the negative electrode, undergoing an oxidation reaction and being oxidized into lead sulfate.
When it comes to electric vehicle batteries, I understand they are primarily lithium-ion batteries, which come in quite a variety. For instance, ternary lithium batteries have high energy density, enabling long-range driving for EVs, commonly seen in Tesla models; lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are safe and stable, with BYD's Blade Battery being a prime example, offering relatively lower costs. Their working principle relies on lithium ions moving between the positive and negative electrodes to store electrical energy, featuring high charge-discharge efficiency and hassle-free daily use. However, these batteries have a limited lifespan, typically requiring replacement after 8 to 10 years—fortunately, manufacturers now offer quite considerate warranties. Additionally, lithium batteries are more environmentally friendly than traditional fossil fuels, with lower emissions, making them a great choice for green mobility. Still, their manufacturing process leaves a carbon footprint that requires ongoing improvement.
I've been driving an electric vehicle for a few years and find the lithium battery system really worry-free. Just plug into the home charger overnight, and it's fully charged—no need to visit gas stations anymore. These batteries typically support a range of 400 to 600 kilometers, though it decreases in winter, but proper route planning solves that. During charging, fast charging can replenish 80% of the battery in half an hour, while slow charging is better for battery longevity. Remember to avoid frequent deep discharges and charges to extend battery life; temperature control is also crucial, as overheating can cause damage. Overall, this design makes daily commutes very convenient—quiet and cost-effective, with electricity costs much lower than fuel. Although the battery is expensive, it's cost-effective in the long run.
