What is the working principle of the power steering system?
2 Answers
The power steering system of a car can be roughly divided into two categories: hydraulic and electric. The working principle of the Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS) system is the same as that of the traditional mechanical hydraulic power steering system, using the power generated by the electric motor to assist the driver in steering. The following is a related introduction to the power steering system: 1. Principle: The Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS) system adds the function of an electric steering pump, and the start and stop of the electric pump are controlled by the ECU. When no steering action is performed, the electric steering pump is turned off, unlike the mechanical hydraulic power steering pump, which is always connected to the engine through a belt. 2. Composition: The Electric Power Steering (EPS) system consists of a torque sensor, a control unit (ECU), a power motor, and a mechanical steering gear.
Veteran drivers say the power steering system is like a helper that makes driving easier. It uses a hydraulic pump or motor to assist in turning the steering wheel. In traditional hydraulic power steering systems, there's an engine-driven pump that sends fluid into the steering gear, where hydraulic pressure moves the rack, making steering effortless. When you turn the wheel, the hydraulic valve opens, allowing fluid to flow and amplify the force. Nowadays, electric power steering is more popular—it uses sensors to detect the steering angle, and then the computer controls the motor to provide assistance, saving fuel and improving precision. I've driven old cars without power steering, where turning the wheel was exhausting, but after installing it, handling became smooth, especially during high-speed lane changes. It's important to check the hydraulic fluid level to avoid leaks that could affect performance. Electric systems may also overheat and require maintenance. Overall, this system enhances driving safety and comfort, making it a must-have feature in cars.