What is the working principle of the power steering system?

[VonAdrian]

The power steering system of a car can be roughly divided into two categories: hydraulic and electric. The working principle of the Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS) system is the same as that of the traditional mechanical hydraulic power steering system, using the power generated by the electric motor to assist the driver in steering. The following is a related introduction to the power steering system: 1. Principle: The Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS) system adds the function of an electric steering pump, and the start and stop of the electric pump are controlled by the ECU. When no steering action is performed, the electric steering pump is turned off, unlike the mechanical hydraulic power steering pump, which is always connected to the engine through a belt. 2. Composition: The Electric Power Steering (EPS) system consists of a torque sensor, a control unit (ECU), a power motor, and a mechanical steering gear.

[DiZane]

Veteran drivers say the power steering system is like a helper that makes driving easier. It uses a hydraulic pump or motor to assist in turning the steering wheel. In traditional hydraulic power steering systems, there's an engine-driven pump that sends fluid into the steering gear, where hydraulic pressure moves the rack, making steering effortless. When you turn the wheel, the hydraulic valve opens, allowing fluid to flow and amplify the force. Nowadays, electric power steering is more popular—it uses sensors to detect the steering angle, and then the computer controls the motor to provide assistance, saving fuel and improving precision. I've driven old cars without power steering, where turning the wheel was exhausting, but after installing it, handling became smooth, especially during high-speed lane changes. It's important to check the hydraulic fluid level to avoid leaks that could affect performance. Electric systems may also overheat and require maintenance. Overall, this system enhances driving safety and comfort, making it a must-have feature in cars.

[DelaneyLee]

As an auto repair apprentice, the principle of power steering is simply to reduce the force you need to turn the steering wheel. Hydraulic systems rely on the engine to drive a hydraulic pump, generating pressurized oil to move the steering mechanism; electric systems use a motor to directly assist. When the steering wheel moves, sensors inform the controller of the direction, and the controller calculates the torque amplification factor, enabling the motor to assist. Electric power steering offers many advantages: lighter weight, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness, without the oil leaks and pollution associated with hydraulic systems. Most modern cars use electric power steering, which is smarter—for example, adjusting assistance based on vehicle speed to provide more stability at high speeds. Common issues include stiff steering or unusual noises, possibly due to faulty sensors or aging hydraulic pumps. Regular checks are recommended to avoid problems, as poor driving experience can be troublesome. With rapid technological advancements, pure electric power steering is the trend, offering lower maintenance costs.

[SawyerMarie]

The power steering system makes driving feel lighter by using auxiliary mechanisms to share the steering force. Hydraulic power steering relies on a pump to pressurize oil for mechanical assistance, while electric power steering uses a motor and gear mechanism, with sensors monitoring the steering wheel angle to determine the assistance level. For example, during turns, the system adjusts in real-time, making low-speed parking maneuvers effortless and high-speed driving stable without drifting. This enhances both control and safety, reducing driver fatigue. Modern systems also integrate electronic stability control. Maintenance involves checking hydraulic fluid levels and ensuring motor cooling and cleanliness. Minor issues are easy to fix, but major failures like motor damage require professional attention. Overall, it optimizes the driving experience, providing peace of mind whether navigating city streets or long-distance travel.