What is the working principle of hydraulic power steering?
2 Answers
Hydraulic power steering operates on the principle of negative feedback control. Below is an introduction to hydraulic power steering systems: 1. Mechanical Hydraulic Power Steering System: This system typically consists of components such as a hydraulic pump, oil pipes, pressure and flow control valve body, V-belt, and oil reservoir. To maintain pressure, the system remains operational at all times, regardless of whether steering assistance is needed, resulting in relatively high energy consumption. 2. Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering System: This system generally comprises an oil reservoir, power steering control unit, electric pump, steering gear, and power steering sensor, with the control unit and electric pump integrated into a single unit. The electro-hydraulic power steering system addresses the shortcomings of traditional hydraulic power steering systems. Instead of being directly driven by the engine belt, the hydraulic pump is powered by an electric pump. All operational states are calculated by the electronic control unit based on signals such as vehicle speed and steering angle to achieve optimal performance.
I'm a car enthusiast and have studied how hydraulic power steering works. It uses a hydraulic system to amplify your steering force, making it easy to turn the wheel. For example, when you turn, the steering wheel connects to a linkage that pushes the hydraulic pump to deliver fluid. The fluid flows through valves and pistons, creating pressure to help push the gears, turning your small effort into powerful assistance. This is much easier than old mechanical steering, where you had to wrestle the wheel—now you can do it one-handed. I've also learned the system needs regular maintenance, like fluid changes and pump checks, otherwise dirty fluid or a failing pump can make steering heavier. In modern cars, although hydraulic systems consume some engine power, they're more durable than electric power steering, especially maintaining stability on rough roads. On long drives, it reduces fatigue—something I've experienced firsthand—making it a practical innovation.
