What is the working principle of an automotive transmission?
3 Answers
Transmissions are divided into manual and automatic types, and their working principles are as follows: 1. A manual transmission shifts gears by moving the gear lever, switching the driving gears on the intermediate shaft, and combining with the power output shaft through different gear sizes to change the torque and speed of the driving wheels. 2. In an automatic transmission, the pump wheel rotates the turbine through fluid, and a stator is added between the pump wheel and the turbine. By utilizing the reaction force, a speed difference between the pump wheel and the turbine is achieved, enabling speed and torque conversion. Since the torque converter's automatic speed and torque conversion range is not sufficiently wide, several rows of planetary gears are connected in series behind the turbine to improve efficiency. The hydraulic control system automatically operates the planetary gears in response to changes in the engine's operation, thereby achieving automatic speed and torque conversion.
The working principle of an automotive transmission is actually quite relatable to daily life. When I drive a manual transmission car, I operate it every day. After the engine burns gasoline to generate power, it needs to be transmitted to the wheels through a set of gear systems. The key lies in speed matching: starting or climbing requires more power, so the low gear uses a larger gear to provide strong engine torque; at high speeds, it switches to smaller gear ratios to reduce engine RPM and save fuel. In a manual transmission, I press the clutch pedal to disconnect the engine and then move the gear lever to select different gear pairs. Automatic transmissions are smarter, using a torque converter or electronic sensors to detect throttle and speed, automatically shifting gears to avoid manual errors. If there's an issue with the transmission, the car may shake or fail to shift, compromising safety. During normal driving, avoid half-pressing the clutch for too long, and regularly check the transmission fluid quality to extend its lifespan, save fuel, and reduce emissions. Shifting correctly at high speeds helps the engine run more smoothly. The transmission is a critical component that ensures the car remains agile under various road conditions.
I have some understanding of how transmissions work. Essentially, they regulate the ratio of engine output to the wheels. Engines operate at different efficiencies across various RPM ranges - for instance, lacking sufficient power at idle. The transmission alters the gear ratio through gear sets. In manual transmissions, the clutch disengages power, allowing me to select different sized gears: larger gears provide high torque at low speeds, while smaller gears enhance efficiency at high speeds. Automatic transmissions incorporate planetary gear systems controlled by hydraulics or computers, with torque converters using fluid to soften initial acceleration shock. CVT types have no fixed gears, instead using belts to adjust ratios. Transmission fluid lubricates gears to reduce wear and must be replaced on schedule to prevent overheating and slippage. Poor maintenance can lead to sluggish shifting or unusual noises, potentially causing complete drive failure in severe cases. Practical applications include using lower gears on slopes to prevent stalling. Transmission design makes modern vehicles smoother and more durable, extending engine life while improving fuel efficiency. Paying attention to basic maintenance is crucial.
