What is the working principle of a torque converter?

1 Answers
Truman
07/29/25 12:10pm
The working principle of a torque converter is: when the power machine drives the input shaft to rotate, the liquid flows out from the centrifugal pump wheel, passes through the turbine and the guide wheel in sequence, and then returns to the pump wheel, circulating continuously. The pump wheel transmits the mechanical energy of the input shaft to the liquid. The high-speed liquid pushes the turbine to rotate, transferring energy to the output shaft. The working process of a torque converter is divided into three stages: 1. Kinetic energy process: The pump wheel is driven by the engine to rotate, pushing the liquid to rotate around its axis together with the pump wheel, giving it a certain speed and pressure, the speed of which depends on the radius and rotation speed of the pump wheel; 2. Mechanical energy process: The liquid rushes towards the turbine with kinetic energy, exerting a thrust on the blades, driving the turbine to rotate together, and the turbine obtains a certain torque. A small part of the liquid's kinetic energy is consumed as heat due to friction with the flow channel during high-speed flow; 3. Momentum moment change process: The guide wheel is fixed, and when the liquid flows through it, there is no mechanical energy conversion. Due to the change in the shape of the guide wheel blades, the speed and direction of the liquid flow change, and its momentum moment changes. The change in momentum moment depends on the change in the blade area.
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