What is the working principle and maintenance method of an automobile generator?
2 Answers
Use a multimeter to check whether the generator has electrical output when starting the engine. Try replacing it with a generator of the same power output and pulley diameter. When the engine is running, the generator pulley drives the generator to operate. If the operation is normal, disconnect the positive terminal of the battery, and if the car stalls, the generator may not be generating electricity. Measure the voltage of the generator. Increase the throttle and change the speed. If the voltage fluctuates and stays around 12V, it is normal; otherwise, there is a problem. To determine if there is an issue with the generator, under the working condition of the voltage regulator's output voltage, if there is voltage, it indicates that both the generator and the regulator's output voltage are normal.
The working principle of a car alternator is actually quite simple. It uses the engine's belt to drive a rotor that contains magnets. As the rotor spins, it generates alternating current (AC) in the stator's coils, which is then converted into direct current (DC) by the rectifier to charge the battery and power circuits like the headlights and air conditioning. I've repaired many cars and often encountered alternator issues. For troubleshooting, if the battery frequently dies or the voltage warning light comes on, first check the belt tension and listen for unusual noises—too loose and it won't generate enough power. Next, use a multimeter to measure the output voltage, which should normally be between 13.5-14.5 volts. If the output is low, the brushes might be worn or the voltage regulator could be faulty—just replace them. Regular maintenance is crucial, such as cleaning dust and inspecting wiring, which can extend its lifespan two to three times. Alternator problems can affect the entire electrical system and even fuel efficiency, so don’t delay repairs.
