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What is the structure of an automotive differential composed of?

2 Answers
RichardRose
09/02/25 5:36am
Automotive differential structure consists of the differential case, side gears, two planetary gears, and the gear carrier. The differential enables the left and right drive wheels to rotate at different speeds, a mechanism installed to adjust the speed difference between the left and right wheels. The functions of an automotive differential are: 1. To distribute torque between the two output shafts; 2. To ensure the two output shafts rotate at different angular velocities; 3. To guarantee power transmission to each drive wheel under various motion conditions; 4. To prevent tire slippage against the ground. Automotive differentials are categorized by operational characteristics into gear-type differentials and limited-slip differentials.
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DelWeston
09/14/25 7:44am
When it comes to the structure of a car differential, I used to deal with this frequently when repairing vehicles. At its core is a metal housing containing a set of gears, primarily two planetary gears and four pinion gears—all connected to the drive shaft. The planetary gears rotate around the central pinion gear, responsible for adjusting wheel speeds during turns, making the inner wheel slower and the outer wheel faster to prevent skidding. There's also an input shaft linked to the transmission and an output shaft leading to the wheels, plus bearings to reduce friction. Lubricating oil inside the housing keeps everything running smoothly; otherwise, the gears would wear out and the car wouldn't move. I've seen many issues, like oil seal leaks causing gear rust, so regular inspection and maintenance are essential for longevity.
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