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What is the structure of an automobile electrical circuit?

1 Answers

DiAurora

07/29/25 4:12pm

Automobile electrical circuits are typically composed of the power supply circuit, starting circuit, ignition circuit, lighting and signal device circuit, instrument information system circuit, auxiliary device circuit, and electronic control system circuit. The power supply circuit, also known as the charging circuit, consists of components such as the battery, generator, voltage regulator, and charging indicator. Power distribution and circuit protection devices can also be included in this circuit. The starting circuit is made up of the starter, starting relay, starting switch, and starting protection circuit. Devices for preheating during cold starts and their control circuits can also be included in this circuit. The ignition circuit is unique to gasoline-powered vehicles and includes the ignition coil, distributor, electronic ignition controller, spark plugs, and ignition switch. Microcomputer-controlled electronic ignition systems are generally categorized under the engine electronic control system. The lighting and signal device circuit consists of headlights, fog lights, position lights, turn signals, brake lights, reverse lights, interior lights, and related control relays and switches. The instrument information system circuit includes the dashboard, its sensors, various warning indicators, and controllers. The auxiliary device circuit comprises various electrical devices designed to enhance vehicle safety and comfort. The types of auxiliary devices vary depending on the vehicle model, with higher-end vehicles featuring more comprehensive auxiliary systems. The electronic control system circuit primarily includes the engine control system (covering fuel injection, ignition, emission control, and automatic transmission), cruise control system, anti-lock braking system (ABS), airbag control system, and other related circuits.

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