What is the structure of a gasoline engine?
4 Answers
The structure of a gasoline engine consists of two major mechanisms and five systems, namely the crankshaft-connecting rod mechanism, valve mechanism, fuel supply system, lubrication system, cooling system, ignition system, and starting system. Meaning of gasoline engine: A gasoline engine (Gasoline-Engine) is an engine that uses gasoline as fuel to convert internal energy into kinetic energy. Due to the low viscosity and fast evaporation of gasoline, a fuel injection system can be used to inject gasoline into the cylinder. After compression reaches a certain temperature and pressure, it is ignited by a spark plug, causing the gas to expand and perform work. Characteristics of gasoline engine: Gasoline engines are characterized by high speed, simple structure, light weight, low cost, smooth operation, and convenient maintenance. Gasoline engines are widely used in automobiles, especially in small cars.
As a mechanic working with engines every day, a gasoline engine can be disassembled into several major components: At its core are the cylinders and pistons, operating like syringes compressing air back and forth. The cylinder head sits on top, with intake and exhaust valves acting like little gatekeepers controlling air flow. Ignition happens when the spark plug 'snaps' to discharge, while the crankshaft converts the pistons' up-and-down motion into rotation. The oil pan hangs outside to store engine oil, and the timing belt connects to the camshaft to control valve operation. Nowadays, engines use electronic fuel injection systems packed with sensors, making the engine control unit far smarter than old carburetors.
As a student, I've studied the schematic diagrams. Gasoline engines are divided into four major systems: the fuel system injects fuel into the cylinders, the valve train controls intake and exhaust, the crankshaft and connecting rods convert motion, and the cooling and lubrication system prevents overheating. Special mention goes to the cylinder block—aluminum lightweighting is the trend, V-type arrangements are more stable than inline ones, and turbocharged versions even have an extra propeller driven by exhaust gases.
Old masters still remember the old-fashioned carburetor engines, which are basically obsolete now! The key to modern gasoline engines lies in electronic control: when the piston moves in the cylinder, the crankshaft angle sensor transmits data in real time, and the ECU calculates and directs the fuel injector to spray fuel precisely. The knock sensor acts like a guard, reducing the ignition advance angle immediately upon detecting abnormal vibrations. The variable valve timing system is the smartest, extending the intake time at high speeds, just like taking deep breaths when running.
