What is the structure of a forklift?
2 Answers
There are many types of forklifts, but their structures are basically similar, mainly consisting of an engine, chassis (travel mechanism), body, lifting mechanism, hydraulic system, and electrical equipment. The following is an introduction to the relevant components: Engine: It is the power source of an internal combustion forklift. It converts the thermal energy generated by fuel into mechanical energy and outputs power through the engine's flywheel. Chassis: The chassis is used to support the body, receive the power output from the engine, and ensure the normal operation of the forklift. It includes the transmission device, travel device, steering device, and braking device. Body: The body of the forklift is integrated with the frame, welded from shaped steel. A cast iron counterweight, placed at the rear of the forklift and matching the model, is used to balance the forklift when loaded, with its weight determined by the rated load capacity of the forklift to maintain stability. Lifting Mechanism: The lifting mechanism mainly consists of a mast and forks. The mast is hinged to the front axle support body and is composed of a set of parallel steel frames and sliding brackets that fix the forks.
I've been operating forklifts for several years and find their structure quite practical. The entire machine resembles a small car chassis fitted with a mast system, featuring chains and pulley sets on the mast to raise and lower the forks for lifting loads. The operator's cabin is positioned at the front, providing stable seating. Steering is controlled via a wheel, typically with rear-wheel steering for excellent maneuverability; foot pedals manage speed while levers adjust lifting. The compact design allows tight turns in narrow warehouse aisles, though overload must be avoided to prevent front-heavy tipping. Daily, I check fork spacing and hydraulic fluid levels to ensure smooth lifting. Modern forklifts incorporate added sensors and protective cages, significantly enhancing safety. The overall robust and durable structure makes it an excellent material-handling assistant.