What is the structural principle of new energy vehicles?
3 Answers
New energy vehicles are automobiles that use non-petroleum derivatives as their power source. Depending on the type of power they use, their working principles vary. Taking pure electric vehicles as an example, a pure electric vehicle is a car that uses a single battery as its energy storage power source. It utilizes the battery to store energy and supplies electricity to the motor, which drives the vehicle. The working principles of new energy vehicles: 1. New energy vehicles are automobiles that use non-petroleum derivatives as their power source. Conventional vehicles work by converting thermal energy into mechanical energy through a process involving four continuous stages: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Each cycle of these stages is called a working cycle. Depending on the type of power they use, the working principles of new energy vehicles vary. 2. Hybrid vehicles and hydrogen engine vehicles operate on the same principles as conventional vehicles. 3. Fuel cell electric vehicles use electricity generated by electrochemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen in the air, catalyzed in fuel cells, as their primary power source. Essentially, fuel cell electric vehicles are a type of pure electric vehicle, with the main difference lying in the working principle of the power battery. Generally, fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, with hydrogen typically serving as the reducing agent and oxygen as the oxidizing agent. Therefore, the earliest developed fuel cell electric vehicles often used hydrogen fuel directly. Hydrogen can be stored in forms such as liquefied hydrogen, compressed hydrogen, or metal hydride storage. 4. A pure electric vehicle is a car that uses a single battery as its energy storage power source. It utilizes the battery to store energy and supplies electricity to the motor, which drives the vehicle. 5. Other new energy vehicles include those using high-efficiency energy storage devices like supercapacitors or flywheels. Currently, in China, new energy vehicles mainly refer to pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell electric vehicles, while conventional hybrid vehicles are classified as energy-saving vehicles. 6. From a global perspective, the power sources for new energy vehicles mainly include lithium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, fuel cells, lead-acid batteries, and supercapacitors, with supercapacitors mostly appearing as auxiliary power sources.
As an everyday commuter driving a new energy vehicle, I find it incredibly hassle-free and quiet. The working principle is quite straightforward: a large battery pack stores electricity, which powers the motor to directly turn the wheels when driving—no messy fuel combustion like traditional gasoline cars. My model mainly consists of a lithium-ion battery pack under the chassis, a motor connected to the wheels, and an intelligent computer managing charging and discharging. Driving is exceptionally quiet, with much quicker acceleration, and I don’t hesitate to use the AC in traffic jams since electricity is cheaper than fuel. I’ve also learned it has a regenerative braking system that recovers energy, reducing waste. Just maintain the battery and charging port regularly, and overall upkeep costs are low, making weekend getaways more worry-free.
My car enthusiast friend always loves to talk about new energy technology, explaining the principles of car structures as if telling a story. Simply put, the core is battery energy storage plus motor drive. The battery is like a super-sized phone battery that stores electricity, while the motor converts electricity into mechanical energy to turn the wheels. Key components also include the charging port that connects to the socket, providing enough charge for hundreds of kilometers; the control unit manages voltage and current distribution to prevent overload; and the inverter converts the battery's DC power into AC for the motor. I've also thought about how it optimizes energy efficiency, such as recovering kinetic energy during braking and storing it back in the battery to reduce waste, making the car more flexible and efficient when switching between highways and city driving. Regular checks of these components are crucial for extending their lifespan, saving both hassle and money.
