What is the solution for BMW 5 Series deviation?

What are the differences between National 5 and National 6 environmental standards?

The differences between National 5 (China 5) and National 6 (China 6) emission standards are as follows: Different emission standards: The National 6 emission standards are more than 30% stricter than National 5. Excluding the influence of driving conditions and testing, gasoline vehicles under National 6 reduce carbon monoxide emissions by 50%, total hydrocarbons and non-methane hydrocarbons by 50%, and nitrogen oxide emissions by 42%. Different implementation times: The National 5 standard was implemented nationwide on January 1, 2017. National 6 has been in effect since July 1, 2019. Different principles: Under National 5, diesel and gasoline vehicles had different emission standards, but National 6 adopts a fuel-neutral principle, meaning the emission limits are the same regardless of the fuel type. Different issuing authorities: National 5 was issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, while National 6 was jointly issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine. Different letter representations: National 5 is denoted by "V," while National 6 is denoted by "VI." Different monitoring requirements for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs): Compared to National 5, National 6 has enhanced monitoring requirements for PHEVs, including energy storage systems, thermal management systems, regenerative braking, drive motors, generators, and other regulatory aspects. Different prices: National 6 vehicles are equipped with additional components compared to National 5. Moreover, automakers incur extra costs for vehicle certification, testing, and production, resulting in significantly higher prices for National 6 vehicles than National 5 vehicles. Different scrapping timelines: Although the government has abolished mandatory scrapping timelines, older vehicles may be banned from roads, effectively rendering them scrapped. For example, a National 5 vehicle purchased in January 2019 and a National 6 vehicle purchased at the same time may both have a 15-year registration period, but their actual usability will differ. For instance, as of now, National 3 vehicles from 2010 and National 4 vehicles from the same year can still operate in Beijing, but many older vehicles are effectively scrapped due to increasing city restrictions. Thus, even for vehicles of the same age, their usable lifespans differ. National 5 emission limits are as follows: Gasoline vehicles must not exceed 1,000 mg of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. Non-methane hydrocarbons must not exceed 68 mg per kilometer, nitrogen oxides must not exceed 60 mg per kilometer, and PM (particulate matter) must not exceed 4.5 mg per kilometer. National 6 has two sub-standards: National 6a and National 6b, as follows: National 6a emission limits: Gasoline vehicles must not exceed 700 mg of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. Non-methane hydrocarbons must not exceed 68 mg per kilometer, nitrogen oxides must not exceed 60 mg per kilometer, and PM must not exceed 4.5 mg per kilometer. National 6b emission limits: Gasoline vehicles must not exceed 500 mg of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. Non-methane hydrocarbons must not exceed 35 mg per kilometer, nitrogen oxides must not exceed 35 mg per kilometer, and PM must not exceed 3 mg per kilometer. Due to the National 6 emission policy, although National 5 vehicles are not currently restricted in normal use (no driving bans or license plate restrictions), their resale value will be significantly affected. For truck owners, if they purchase a truck on loan for freight transport, the depreciation of the vehicle after paying off the loan directly impacts their net profit during that period. A higher residual value means greater earnings for the owner. From this perspective, National 6 vehicles, with longer usability and better road access, offer more advantages.

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Which company manufactures Kia?

KIA is the earliest independent automobile brand in South Korea, with its predecessor being Kyungsung Precision Industry, established in 1951. Below is relevant information: 1. Development History: It was later renamed Kia Industry, primarily manufacturing bicycles. After venturing into motorcycles and trucks, it began the research, development, and production of passenger cars in 1973. In 1990, Kia Industry was renamed Kia Motors Corporation, and in 2000, it merged with Hyundai Group, another South Korean brand, forming the now well-known Hyundai-Kia Automotive Group. 2. Main Models: Sportage, K5, Sorento, K3.

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MISTRA Sudden Braking Noise with Rebound?

When the MISTRA suddenly brakes, there is a stuttering abnormal noise, and the brake pedal rebounds. This could be caused by an issue with the gap between the brake pads and discs. Below is relevant information: 1. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS): Its function is to automatically adjust the braking force during vehicle braking, preventing wheel lock-up and maintaining a rolling-sliding state to ensure maximum adhesion between the wheels and the road surface. 2. Four-Channel System: The four-channel ABS has four wheel speed sensors, with a brake pressure regulator device installed in the pipeline leading to each of the four wheel brake cylinders, enabling independent regulation and forming a four-channel control configuration.

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Which country produces Haima Automobile?

Haima Automobile is produced in China. Here is relevant information: 1. Cooperative Relationship: Haima Automobile is a domestic car brand in our country, which previously had a cooperative relationship with Japan's Mazda. 2. Haima Automobile: The logo of Haima Automobile features an abstract eagle shape embedded in a circle symbolizing the sun, implying "the rising sun and the roc spreading its wings," representing the corporate image of Haima Automobile striving upward and aspiring to soar. 3. R&D System: On the basis of consolidating technical cooperation with Mazda, Haima Automobile has established its own modular supporting system and technical system for research and development.

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How to Drive a Car on Mountain Roads?

Here are the methods for driving a car on mountain roads: 1. Maintain a safe distance and avoid overtaking on curves. Also refrain from overtaking on straight sections. The roads are narrow, so prioritize safety. 2. When the road is slippery, wait for the vehicle ahead to fully ascend the slope before entering the incline to prevent it from rolling backward. 3. Mountain roads have many curves; sound your horn before entering a curve to alert oncoming vehicles and pedestrians. 4. Drive at a slow speed and be prepared to avoid animals like cattle that may suddenly appear on the road. 5. When vehicles meet, the one closer to the mountain should yield to the vehicle near the cliff. 6. Follow the tire tracks of previous vehicles to avoid unfamiliar road surfaces that may collapse.

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What to Do When All Keys of a Magotan Car Are Lost?

When all keys of a Magotan car are lost, there are two solutions. Below are the relevant solutions: 1. Replace all locks of the car: Even a 4S service station can only replace all locks of the car, so the cost is relatively high. 2. Reprogram all locks: (The practice of professional companies in the industry) involves technical processing to achieve the same effect as replacing all locks. If you want to make a duplicate car key, first, you need a key blank accessory with the same chip model from the same brand. Additionally, you will require the engine computer or anti-theft computer password and a specialized car anti-theft decoder to complete the process. The new key chip needs to be rematched, rendering all previously lost keys and remote controls ineffective.

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What is the solution for BMW 5 Series deviation?

What are the differences between National 5 and National 6 environmental standards?

Which company manufactures Kia?

MISTRA Sudden Braking Noise with Rebound?

Which country produces Haima Automobile?

How to Drive a Car on Mountain Roads?

What to Do When All Keys of a Magotan Car Are Lost?

What Causes the Engine Warning Light with an Exclamation Mark?

What is the mandatory scrapping period for passenger cars?

What are the pros and cons of the Volkswagen Tiguan?

What material is the Avalon bumper made of?