What is the purpose of wheel calipers?

[BentleyAnn]

Black brake calipers are the most common type, typically used on Porsche's entry-level models; silver brake calipers can be considered an upgraded version of the black ones, usually found on enhanced versions of entry-level models; red brake calipers represent a completely new braking system, with the main feature being an increased size of the brake disc. Caliper principle: When a car moves forward, the tires roll forward, and the ground exerts an upward force. The front wheel brake calipers are positioned in front of the disc. During braking, to prevent the tires from continuing to roll forward, the brake disc and caliper work together to generate an upward force. This force, combined with the ground's reaction, increases the load on the wheel bearings during emergency braking, causing the car's front end to dip more noticeably due to braking—commonly referred to as pronounced brake dive. This can more easily lead to a front flip accident. When the wheel calipers are positioned behind the disc, the generated force is downward, opposite to the ground's reaction force. After mutual cancellation, the pressure on the wheel bearings is reduced, enhancing the vehicle's stability.