What is the purpose of flashing a car's ECU?

[DeOscar]

Flashing a car's ECU can enhance the power of turbocharged engines. The car ECU refers to the Electronic Control Unit, also known as the vehicle's onboard computer, which consists of a microprocessor, memory, input and output interfaces, analog-to-digital converters, and large-scale integrated circuits such as shaping and driving circuits. The working principle of the ECU: By rewriting the program in the engine's computer, rather than operating the engine at its limits, it finely adjusts parameters such as fuel supply and ignition curves based on the original factory data, optimizing multiple values to achieve goals such as increasing output horsepower, improving torque, adjusting speed limits, or reducing fuel consumption.