What is the Principle of Ultrasonic Sensors?
1 Answers
Ultrasonic sensors primarily consist of two types of materials: piezoelectric crystals and nickel-iron-aluminum alloys. Piezoelectric crystal-based ultrasonic sensors are reversible transducers that can convert electrical energy into mechanical oscillations to generate ultrasonic waves. Conversely, when they receive ultrasonic waves, they can also convert them back into electrical energy. Below are some key aspects of ultrasonic waves: 1. Ultrasonic waves are mechanical vibrations with frequencies higher than 20 kHz. They are characterized by high frequency, short wavelength, minimal diffraction, and particularly strong directionality, allowing them to propagate directionally like rays. 2. Ultrasonic waves have strong penetration capabilities in liquids and solids, especially in opaque solids. When encountering impurities or interfaces, they produce significant reflections, forming echo signals. Additionally, they generate the Doppler effect when interacting with moving objects. 3. Ultrasonic sensors utilize sound wave media to perform non-contact, wear-free detection of objects. They can detect transparent or colored objects, metals or non-metals, as well as solids, liquids, and powdered materials. Their detection performance is virtually unaffected by any environmental conditions, including smoke, dust, or rainy weather.
