What is the principle of an automotive electronic regulator?

[VanArya]

The principle of an automotive electronic regulator is: When the engine's output voltage is too low or fails due to other reasons, the battery will generate a current in the generator's windings (known as reverse current). The electronic regulator cuts off this reverse current to prevent over-discharge of the battery, which could damage the battery, and to avoid excessive current flowing into the generator windings, which could damage the generator. The regulator consists of three relays: one is responsible for adjusting the generator's output voltage, another for preventing excessive charging current. When the charging current is too high, the circuit activates both the voltage regulation relay and the current limiting relay simultaneously, disconnecting the generator's excitation circuit and stopping the generator. The third relay is responsible for cutting off the charging circuit when reverse current occurs, activating to disconnect the charging circuit in such cases.