What is the principle behind the rotation of a waterwheel?

[Leo]

Waterwheels are generally built in areas with rapid water flow, utilizing the upstream current to drive their movement. The bamboo tubes serve as impellers: they bear the impact of water (provided by the kinetic energy (velocity) of the water), and the energy obtained causes the waterwheel to rotate. This rotation overcomes the frictional resistance of the waterwheel and the counter-torque from the lifted water. Below is an introduction to waterwheels: 1. Introduction: The waterwheel, an irrigation tool, is a mechanical device developed by the ancient Chinese laboring people by fully utilizing hydraulic power. According to historical records, waterwheels appeared around the Eastern Han Dynasty. As an important component of China's agricultural culture, the waterwheel embodies the creativity of the Chinese nation, witnesses Chinese agricultural civilization, and provides evidence for the history of hydraulic research. The invention of the waterwheel laid the foundation for people's peaceful living, social harmony, and stability. 2. Structure: The waterwheel stands over 10 meters tall, supported by a 5-meter-long axle with a diameter of 0.5 meters, from which 24 wooden spokes radiate outward. At the end of each spoke is a scraper and a water bucket. The scraper scoops water, and the bucket holds it.