What is the name of the curved panel above the wheel?

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The curved panel above the wheel is called a wheel arch cover. The main purpose of the wheel arch cover is to prevent mud from splashing onto the car body or pedestrians during rainy days, which could make them look unattractive. It also helps prevent mud from splashing onto the tie rods or ball joints, which could cause premature rusting. Another function is to prevent road mud from being thrown onto the car body and damaging the exterior paint. Wheel arch covers are typically made of high-quality rubber or engineering plastic. They are usually installed as a shield behind the wheels of bicycles or motor vehicles. The wheel arch cover protrudes about 5 centimeters from the car body to effectively prevent flying stones and gravel from damaging the car's paint surface.