What is the L4 Autonomous Driving Standard?
4 Answers
L4 level autonomous driving belongs to "highly autonomous driving." Except for certain special circumstances, it generally does not require human intervention. Autonomous vehicles that rely on specialized maps fall under Level 4 autonomous driving. In areas where maps are available, these vehicles can achieve full autonomous driving without human intervention, but they cannot operate autonomously everywhere. The five levels defined by SAE are: 1. L0: The driver has full control of the vehicle with no automation capabilities. 2. L1: The automated system can sometimes assist the driver with certain driving tasks. 3. L2: The automated system can complete certain driving tasks, but the driver must monitor the driving environment, handle the remaining tasks, and be ready to take over if issues arise. 4. L3: The automated system can both complete certain driving tasks and monitor the driving environment in some situations, but the driver must be prepared to regain control. 5. L4: The automated system can complete driving tasks and monitor the driving environment under certain conditions and specific environments. At this stage, within the operational scope of autonomous driving, all driving-related tasks are independent of the occupants. 5. L5: The automated system can complete all driving tasks under all conditions.
The core of the L4 autonomous driving standard is that the vehicle can drive completely on its own in specific areas or under certain conditions, requiring no input from the passenger—not even touching the steering wheel. This relies on an advanced combination of sensors, such as cameras capturing road conditions, radar measuring distances, and LiDAR scanning the environment, all supported by powerful computers for real-time data processing. The system design is exceptionally stringent, ensuring backup solutions in case of failures—for example, if one sensor fails, others immediately take over. Additionally, real-time maps and network connectivity guarantee accurate positioning, enabling safe operation in rain, fog, or urban core areas. Testing must be rigorous enough to cover extreme scenarios, and the user manual will specify which road segments are compatible.
For ordinary car owners, the experience is truly amazing! The L4 system only drives autonomously within designated areas, such as certain highways or commercial districts. Once activated, it takes control of acceleration, steering, and braking, allowing you to completely let go—chatting or even sleeping. However, there are limitations: outside the specified zones, you must take over the driving. In terms of safety, it automatically detects anomalies and will safely stop the car or find the nearest exit if issues arise. Initially, it will be rolled out in a few pilot cities, with potential expansion to more areas later. However, users must understand the applicable conditions to avoid misuse.
The globally recognized SAE standard defines L4 as high automation: the system assumes full driving responsibility within specified environments such as certain weather or road conditions. Key certification metrics include redundant design, such as multi-sensor fail-safes, and AI algorithms capable of handling complex road scenarios with superior performance. Safety-wise, the system must pass crash simulation tests and real-world road trials, with manufacturers required to provide clear operational boundaries—users simply comply for zero intervention. Legal frameworks are evolving to ensure automated safety protocols during system failures, preventing traffic disruptions. In practical applications, accumulating data through limited trials like Waymo's approach is crucial for enhancing public acceptance.
