What is the L4 Autonomous Driving Standard?
2 Answers
L4 level autonomous driving belongs to "highly autonomous driving." Except for certain special circumstances, it generally does not require human intervention. Autonomous vehicles that rely on specialized maps fall under Level 4 autonomous driving. In areas where maps are available, these vehicles can achieve full autonomous driving without human intervention, but they cannot operate autonomously everywhere. The five levels defined by SAE are: 1. L0: The driver has full control of the vehicle with no automation capabilities. 2. L1: The automated system can sometimes assist the driver with certain driving tasks. 3. L2: The automated system can complete certain driving tasks, but the driver must monitor the driving environment, handle the remaining tasks, and be ready to take over if issues arise. 4. L3: The automated system can both complete certain driving tasks and monitor the driving environment in some situations, but the driver must be prepared to regain control. 5. L4: The automated system can complete driving tasks and monitor the driving environment under certain conditions and specific environments. At this stage, within the operational scope of autonomous driving, all driving-related tasks are independent of the occupants. 5. L5: The automated system can complete all driving tasks under all conditions.
The core of the L4 autonomous driving standard is that the vehicle can drive completely on its own in specific areas or under certain conditions, requiring no input from the passenger—not even touching the steering wheel. This relies on an advanced combination of sensors, such as cameras capturing road conditions, radar measuring distances, and LiDAR scanning the environment, all supported by powerful computers for real-time data processing. The system design is exceptionally stringent, ensuring backup solutions in case of failures—for example, if one sensor fails, others immediately take over. Additionally, real-time maps and network connectivity guarantee accurate positioning, enabling safe operation in rain, fog, or urban core areas. Testing must be rigorous enough to cover extreme scenarios, and the user manual will specify which road segments are compatible.
