What is the introduction of the second-row seats of the Land Cruiser?

What is the distance for placing warning signs on ordinary roads?

On ordinary roads during the day, the warning triangle should be placed 50 meters behind the vehicle, and at night, it should be placed 150 meters behind the vehicle. On highways during the day, the warning triangle should be placed 150 meters behind the vehicle, and at night, it should be placed 250 meters behind the vehicle. If a vehicle breaks down on a curve, the warning triangle must be placed before the curve to alert incoming vehicles to avoid the broken-down vehicle. The following are the relevant regulations: Article 68 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China: When a motor vehicle breaks down on a highway, the provisions of Article 52 of this Law shall apply; however, the warning sign shall be placed at least 150 meters away from the direction of oncoming traffic, and the personnel on the vehicle shall quickly move to the right shoulder or emergency lane and promptly call the police. Article 52: When a motor vehicle breaks down on the road and needs to be stopped to fix the problem, the driver shall immediately turn on the hazard warning lights, move the vehicle to a place where it does not obstruct traffic; if the vehicle is difficult to move, the hazard warning lights shall remain on, and warning signs shall be placed in the direction of oncoming traffic to increase the warning distance, and the police shall be called promptly if necessary.

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What Are the Symptoms of Faulty Spark Plugs in Sedans?

Spark plug failure manifests in the following ways: Difficulty starting the car, both during cold and warm starts, often requiring multiple attempts. Engine shaking, noticeable while driving. Reduced power output, feeling significantly weaker than usual. Increased fuel consumption. Engine stalling. Failed exhaust emissions. Common causes and diagnosis of spark plug failure: Several factors can prevent spark plugs from functioning properly: Incorrect spark plug gap adjustment. A gap too small limits the spark's contact area with the air-fuel mixture and suppresses flame kernel growth, resulting in weak sparks and ignition difficulties. A gap too large may exceed the ignition system's voltage capacity, preventing sparking. Cracked spark plug skirt. High-voltage current leaks through cracks, preventing sparking at the electrodes. Electrode carbon buildup, causing current leakage from the center electrode instead of jumping to the side electrode. Excessive carbon deposits can short-circuit the plug, damage the insulator, and ruin the spark plug. Electrode damage. Prolonged electrical erosion or chemical corrosion from combustion gases can break or detach electrodes, preventing sparking. Low insulation resistance. This reduces the voltage across the spark gap, weakening or eliminating the spark. High-voltage wire short circuits. Leakage between the ignition coil and distributor prevents all cylinders from starting; leakage between the distributor and spark plug affects only one cylinder. Burnt contact points. This prevents all spark plugs from firing, making the engine unable to start or run. Faulty spark plugs should be replaced promptly. Replacement steps: Open the hood, remove the engine's plastic cover, and detach the high-voltage wires, marking each cylinder's position to avoid confusion. Remove the spark plugs using a spark plug socket, cleaning any external debris like leaves or dust. Insert new spark plugs by hand first, then tighten with the socket. Reattach the high-voltage wires in the correct firing order and replace the cover. Replacement interval: Typically 40,000-60,000 km under normal maintenance, but varies by brand and engine. Refer to the owner's manual for specifics.

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What is the standard tire pressure for the Cayenne?

The normal standard tire pressure for the Cayenne is: 2.4-2.5 bar. Due to seasonal factors, the tire pressure can be appropriately increased by 0.2 bar in winter and decreased by 0.1 bar in summer. This data is based on the international GBT2978-2008 standard requirements. The recommended tire pressure for the Cayenne can be found in the vehicle's user manual or on the label near the driver's door, fuel tank cap, or storage compartment. Generally, a tire pressure exceeding 2.8 bar is considered too high, while a tire pressure below 2.0 bar is considered too low. Hazards of overinflated tires: Reduced tire friction and adhesion, affecting braking performance; causes steering wheel vibration and deviation, reducing driving comfort; accelerates wear on the central tread pattern, shortening tire lifespan; increases vehicle vibration, indirectly affecting the lifespan of other components; overstretches tire cords, reducing elasticity and increasing the load on the vehicle during driving. Hazards of underinflated tires: Increased friction coefficient with the road surface, leading to higher fuel consumption; causes heavy steering and deviation, compromising driving safety; increases movement of tire parts, leading to abnormal heat due to excessive rolling; reduces the functionality of cords and rubber, causing delamination or cord breakage and excessive friction with the rim, damaging the bead area and causing abnormal wear; multiplies friction between the tire and ground, sharply raising tire temperature, softening the tire, and drastically reducing its strength. High-speed driving may lead to tire blowouts. If the tire pressure monitoring indicator lights up (a yellow symbol with an irregular circle, no stamp on top, four small spikes at the bottom, and an exclamation mark inside), there are generally three possible reasons: Abnormal tire pressure: Usually triggers an alarm when below 1.8 bar or above 3.0 bar. In this case, tire inspection and pressure adjustment are required. Tire pressure monitoring not reset: After inflating the tires, if the tire pressure is not reset promptly, the system continues to record the previous data, causing the indicator light to illuminate. Simply reset the tire pressure to resolve this. Damaged tire pressure sensor: The tire pressure sensor, installed inside the tire and connected to the inflation valve, monitors tire pressure. If the sensor is damaged during driving (e.g., by impact), the tire pressure warning light will illuminate. For sensor damage, replacement with a new part is the only solution.

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Which Vehicle Has the Right of Way When Meeting on a Slope?

According to the Road Traffic Safety Law, when two vehicles meet on a narrow slope: if neither vehicle has entered the slope, the downhill vehicle should yield to the uphill vehicle. If the downhill vehicle has already entered the slope while the uphill vehicle has not, the downhill vehicle has the right of way. If both vehicles have entered the slope and one needs to reverse to avoid collision, the uphill vehicle should reverse, as it is easier for an uphill vehicle to reverse. In any case, the vehicle that can reverse more easily should do so. Relevant regulations: Right of way conditions: slow down and keep to the right, maintaining a safe distance from other vehicles and pedestrians; on obstructed road sections, the unobstructed vehicle has the right of way; but if the obstructed vehicle has already entered the obstructed section while the unobstructed vehicle has not, the obstructed vehicle has the right of way; on narrow slopes, the uphill vehicle has the right of way; but if the downhill vehicle has already reached the midpoint while the uphill vehicle has not started ascending, the downhill vehicle has the right of way. Prohibited U-turn situations: motor vehicles are not allowed to make U-turns at locations with no U-turn or no left-turn signs or markings, as well as at railway crossings, pedestrian crossings, bridges, sharp curves, steep slopes, tunnels, or other hazardous sections. Motor vehicles may make U-turns at locations without no U-turn or no left-turn signs or markings, but must not obstruct the normal passage of other vehicles and pedestrians. When reversing, motor vehicles should check the rear situation and confirm safety before reversing. Reversing is prohibited at railway crossings, intersections, one-way roads, bridges, sharp curves, steep slopes, or tunnels.

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What items are required for the driver's license medical examination?

Driver's license medical examination items include height, color discrimination, vision, hearing, upper limbs, lower limbs, trunk, and neck. Height requirements: For large buses, tractors, city buses, large trucks, and trolleybuses, the minimum height is 155 cm. Color discrimination requirements: No red-green color blindness.

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What are the differences between drum brakes and disc brakes?

The differences between drum brakes and disc brakes lie in braking force, heat dissipation performance, drainage function, structure, and cooling effect. Braking refers to stopping a moving vehicle, and the brake is a component in the braking system that generates resistance to the vehicle's movement. Currently, friction brakes are commonly used in vehicles, which utilize the friction between fixed and rotating components to produce braking torque. These brakes are further divided into disc brakes and drum brakes. The specific differences are as follows: Different braking force: In terms of braking force, drum brakes provide significantly stronger braking force than disc brakes. This is not because drum brake technology is more advanced but due to their inherent structural characteristics. In a drum brake system, there is a drum-shaped metal component, which is the core part of the drum brake, hence the name. Different heat dissipation performance: Drum brakes operate in a confined space, resulting in poor heat dissipation. During braking, a large amount of heat accumulates, causing the brake shoes and drum to deform under high temperatures, leading to brake fade and vibration, which reduces braking efficiency. Different drainage function: Drainage is another advantage of disc brakes over drum brakes. When water enters the braking system, its impact on braking performance is evident. If the water cannot be drained promptly, braking performance will significantly decline. The enclosed design of drum brakes is clearly less effective for drainage compared to disc brakes. Different structure: Disc brakes have a compact and simple structure, while drum brakes are relatively more complex. However, drum brakes achieve the same braking force with a much smaller diameter than disc brakes. Different cooling effect: Disc brakes have exposed brake shoes, resulting in better heat dissipation and more stable braking performance. In contrast, drum brakes have brake shoes enclosed within the drum, making heat dissipation difficult. Prolonged braking causes the braking force to diminish as heat increases. Principle of drum brakes: Inside the brake drum, hydraulic pressure acts on the pistons of the brake wheel cylinder, pushing the curved brake shoes outward. Alternatively, friction material attached to the brake shoes presses against the inner surface of the drum, slowing the rotation of the drum and axle to achieve braking. Working principle of disc brakes: Hydraulic oil pushes the brake pads against the brake disc through cylinders, generating friction to brake. Disc brakes installed on high-speed shafts come in two torque specifications: 10,000 N·m and 12,500 N·m. The brake disc diameter is 800 mm. Each brake set has four cylinders controlled by a hydraulic system. The features include high braking torque, excellent heat dissipation, adjustable oil pressure, and stepless variation of braking torque during operation.

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What is the introduction of the second-row seats of the Land Cruiser?

What is the distance for placing warning signs on ordinary roads?

What Are the Symptoms of Faulty Spark Plugs in Sedans?

What is the standard tire pressure for the Cayenne?

Which Vehicle Has the Right of Way When Meeting on a Slope?

What items are required for the driver's license medical examination?

What are the differences between drum brakes and disc brakes?

How to Use the Four-Wheel Drive System of the Prado?

Is the FAW-Volkswagen Magotan Front-Wheel Drive or Rear-Wheel Drive?

How many meters should the warning sign be placed on ordinary roads?

Is stepping on the accelerator during hill start penalized?