What is the function of turbine steam seals?

[StRuth]

Steam seals are devices installed between the rotating and stationary parts of a steam turbine to reduce or prevent steam leakage and air ingress from the vacuum side. To minimize gas leakage in these gaps while ensuring the safe and normal operation of the turbine, various types of steam seals are specifically installed. The structural forms of steam seals can generally be divided into three types: labyrinth seals, carbon seals, and water seals. Additional information: A steam turbine consists of two main parts: the stator and the rotor. During operation, the rotor rotates at high speed while the stator remains stationary, necessitating a certain clearance between them to prevent mutual friction. As steam flows through the various stages of the turbine, the pressure and temperature decrease progressively, creating a pressure difference on both sides of the diaphragm.