What is the function of car ABS?
2 Answers
ABS, short for Anti-lock Braking System, functions by automatically controlling the braking force during car braking to prevent wheel lock-up. It maintains the wheels in a state of rolling and sliding (with a slip ratio of around 20%), ensuring maximum traction between the wheels and the road surface. The ABS sensor is located on the inner side of the car tire and can be seen when the car is lifted. The ABS system mainly consists of four components: wheel speed sensor, electronic control unit (ECU), hydraulic unit, and ABS warning light. The wheel speed sensor detects the motion state of the wheel and sends a sinusoidal electronic pulse AC signal. This signal is then processed by a modulator, converted into a digital signal, and transmitted to the electronic control unit. The electronic central control unit (ECU) receives input signals from the wheel speed sensor, calculates parameters such as wheel speed, vehicle speed, and slip ratio, and determines the wheel state based on the slip ratio. It then issues control commands to the hydraulic unit. The hydraulic unit adjusts the pressure in the brake lines according to the control commands, with the adjustment process including pressure holding, pressure increase, and pressure decrease. The ABS warning light alerts the driver to any system malfunctions. If the ABS warning light is on, it is advisable not to continue driving. An illuminated ABS light indicates a malfunction in the vehicle's anti-lock braking system. During emergency braking, if the wheels lock up, the vehicle may skid uncontrollably, preventing the driver from slowing down or adjusting the vehicle's trajectory, which poses significant safety risks.
The ABS system is truly a reliable assistant while driving, especially during emergency braking situations. It ensures the wheels don't completely lock up, allowing the vehicle to maintain steering control and significantly reducing the risk of losing control. I've experienced slippery roads during rainy conditions—without ABS, the wheels would lock up and slide uncontrollably, but with it, handling feels much easier. The system uses sensors to monitor wheel speed in real-time. If it detects a wheel about to lock, it automatically adjusts braking force by pulsing the brake pressure, resulting in more balanced braking performance. In modern vehicles, ABS is often integrated with traction control systems for added stability. Overall, ABS enhances driving safety and reduces accident rates, proving particularly beneficial for new drivers in complex road conditions. I recommend everyone learn how it works to better handle sudden emergencies.
