What is the function of automotive engine sensors?
2 Answers
Here are the functions of automotive engine sensors: 1. Intake manifold pressure sensor: Reflects changes in absolute pressure within the intake manifold, providing the ECU (Engine Control Unit) with a reference signal for calculating fuel injection duration. 2. Throttle position sensor: Measures the opening angle of the throttle valve and provides the ECU with reference signals for fuel cutoff, air-fuel ratio control, and ignition timing correction. 3. Intake air temperature sensor: Detects intake air temperature and provides the ECU with data for calculating air density; Coolant temperature sensor: Monitors coolant temperature and supplies engine temperature information to the ECU. 4. Crankshaft position sensor: Detects crankshaft position and engine speed, providing the ECU with reference signals for determining ignition timing and firing order. 5. Oxygen sensor: Measures oxygen concentration in exhaust gases and supplies the ECU with reference signals to maintain the air-fuel ratio near the optimal theoretical value. 6. Knock sensor: Installed on the engine block to specifically detect engine knocking conditions, providing the ECU with signals to adjust ignition timing accordingly.
The engine is equipped with numerous sensors, which act like the car's nervous system, constantly helping the computer monitor the engine's operating status. For example, the oxygen sensor on the exhaust pipe specifically measures the oxygen content in the exhaust gases, allowing the computer to adjust the fuel injection for cleaner and more fuel-efficient combustion. The camshaft position sensor keeps track of the camshaft's rotation rhythm to ensure precise ignition timing. The coolant temperature sensor notifies the computer to inject more fuel for quick warm-up when the engine is cold and triggers an alarm to prevent cylinder damage if it overheats. The knock sensor is the most vigilant—it immediately adjusts the ignition timing to protect internal components upon detecting abnormal engine noises. The intake pressure sensor measures the air intake volume, directly affecting power output. If these sensors fail, the car will start acting up—either with sluggish acceleration, unstable idling, or a yellow warning light on the dashboard. These seemingly insignificant little components are crucial for smooth driving.
