What is the Function of a Shock Absorber?
2 Answers
The function of a shock absorber is to suppress the oscillations caused by the rebound of springs after absorbing shocks and to mitigate impacts from the road surface, thereby improving the ride comfort of the vehicle. There are three types of shock absorbers commonly used in automobiles: double-tube shock absorbers, gas-filled shock absorbers, and adjustable damping shock absorbers. When the vehicle frame and axle undergo reciprocating relative motion, the piston inside the shock absorber also moves back and forth within the cylinder. This causes the oil inside the shock absorber to repeatedly flow from one chamber to another through narrow orifices. The friction between the oil and the orifice walls, as well as the internal friction among the liquid molecules, generates a damping force that converts the vibrational energy of the vehicle body and frame into heat. This heat is then absorbed by the oil and the shock absorber housing before being dissipated into the atmosphere. The magnitude of the damping force varies with the relative speed between the vehicle frame and the axle (or wheels) and is also influenced by the viscosity of the oil.
The role of shock absorbers, in simple terms for me, is to prevent the car from bouncing around. Mounted on the suspension, they absorb the impact from road irregularities like potholes or speed bumps. While springs may bounce, the shock absorbers control this motion to avoid excessive body sway. Without them, the car would bounce up and down like a trampoline, making passengers uncomfortable and prone to motion sickness, while tires would lose grip, potentially causing loss of control during turns. In daily driving, they enhance overall stability and protect other components from excessive wear. Hydraulic shock absorbers use fluid flow for damping, while pneumatic ones rely on gas pressure—both ingeniously designed. Routine maintenance is straightforward, mainly involving regular checks for oil leaks.
