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What is the function of a car differential?

1 Answers

DeLaila

07/29/25 11:12pm

The function of a differential is: To distribute torque between two output shafts; ensure that the two output shafts rotate at different angular speeds; guarantee power transmission to each driving wheel under various motion conditions; and prevent tire slippage on the ground. A car differential is a mechanism that enables the left and right (or upper and lower) driving wheels to rotate at different speeds. It consists of left and right axle gears, planetary gears, and a gear carrier. When a car turns, the wheel tracks form arcs. If the car turns left, the center of the arc is on the left side. During the same time, the outer wheel travels a longer path than the inner wheel. If the left and right wheels were rigidly connected directly, the outer wheel would experience drag while rolling, and the inner wheel would experience slip while rolling. Even when driving straight, wheel slippage can occur due to uneven road surfaces or differences in tire rolling radii, even on flat roads. Wheel slippage not only accelerates tire wear and increases power and fuel consumption but also makes steering more difficult and reduces braking performance, among other adverse driving factors. The differential balances the speed difference between the wheels, enabling the necessary speed difference between the left and right wheels during turns.

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