What is the difference between Su U and Su E license plates?

What are the methods for rust removal on cars?

Rust removal methods mainly include manual rust removal, mechanical rust removal, flame treatment rust removal, and chemical rust removal. The specific methods are as follows: 1. Manual rust removal: (1) Brushing: Brushing involves using a high-elasticity steel brush or copper brush to scrape off rust, oxide scales, and dirt on the metal surface. (2) Polishing: Polishing uses polishing wheels and polishing paste as fine abrasives to perform slight cutting and grinding on the metal surface to remove rust and minor surface irregularities. (3) Grinding: Grinding involves using sandpaper, sandcloth, or grinding wheels coated with abrasives like aluminum oxide and silicon carbide to remove rust or oxide scales from the metal surface. (4) Barrel tumbling: Barrel tumbling uses a rotating drum filled with abrasives and parts, driven by an electric motor, where parts continuously tumble and rub against the abrasives to remove burrs, oxide scales, and rust caused by casting or stamping. (5) High-pressure water treatment: High-pressure water treatment uses the impact force of high-pressure water jets for rust removal, which is a relatively new rust removal process suitable for large-scale metal rust, oxide scales, and old coatings. 2. Mechanical rust removal: (1) Sandblasting: Sandblasting is divided into dry sandblasting and wet sandblasting. (2) Shot blasting: Shot blasting equipment is categorized into intermittent and continuous operation types. 3. Flame treatment rust removal: Flame treatment rust removal uses an oxyacetylene torch to heat deep rust spots that are difficult to remove manually, altering the chemical composition of the rust through high temperatures to achieve rust removal. 4. Chemical rust removal: Chemical rust removal methods include acid pickling rust removal, comprehensive rust removal, alkaline rust removal, electrolytic rust removal, and pollution-free cyclic rust removal.

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How Many Chances Are There for a Makeup Test in Driving Test Subject 2?

For Subject 2 of the driving test, if the initial test is failed, one makeup test is allowed. If the applicant does not take the makeup test or fails the makeup test, the current test session is terminated, and the applicant must reschedule the test after ten days. Within the validity period of the driving skills test permit, the number of rescheduled tests for Subject 2 and Subject 3 (road driving skills test) must not exceed five times. If the fifth rescheduled test is still failed, the passing scores of other subjects already taken will be invalidated. The full score for Subject 2 is 100 points, with evaluation criteria set for failing, deducting 20 points, deducting 10 points, and deducting 5 points. The test is considered passed if the following conditions are met: ① For applicants of large buses, tractors, city buses, medium buses, and large trucks, a score of 90 or above is required; ② For other vehicle types, a score of 80 or above is required. For large vehicles (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2), the test items include: pole test, hill start, parallel parking, single-plank bridge, curve driving, right-angle turn, narrow gate, continuous obstacles, bumpy road, narrow road U-turn, and simulations of highway driving, continuous sharp turns on mountain roads, tunnels, rain (fog) conditions, slippery roads, and emergency handling. For small vehicles (C1, C2), the test items include: reverse parking, parallel parking, hill start (canceled for C2), right-angle turn, curve driving (commonly known as S-turn) as the five mandatory items (some regions include a sixth item: highway toll card collection).

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Starter Makes Abnormal Noise and Fails to Start When Turning the Key?

Abnormal noise when turning the key and failure to start are mostly caused by starter issues. Solutions for the failure to start when turning the key are as follows: 1. Use a household multimeter to measure whether the car battery voltage reaches 12V or above. If the measured voltage is less than 10V, the vehicle cannot be started. In this case, the battery must be charged, or you can try jump-starting the vehicle using another car's battery. However, it is important to note that starting attempts should not be too frequent. If the vehicle fails to start after 2-3 attempts, you must wait about 5 minutes before trying again to avoid severely draining the external battery. 2. If the battery is normal, use a multimeter to check whether there is power supply to the starter. If there is no power, it indicates a power supply issue in the starting system. You need to check for loose, broken, or aged starter wiring. After repairing, try turning the key to start again. 3. If there is power to the starter but it still doesn't work, it is likely that the starter relay is faulty. Check whether the starter relay is burned out (usually located in the engine compartment fuse box; refer to the instructions on the fuse box). A burned-out starter relay can still produce a clicking sound, but its power transmission capability is reduced, making it difficult to start the vehicle. 4. If the starting system is normal, then check the ignition system. It is possible that the spark plug ignition end is dirty with oil. Remove and clean each spark plug one by one, and it is best to reinstall them in order to avoid incorrect installation leading to poor ignition symptoms.

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When is the Best Time to Replace Antifreeze?

Vehicle antifreeze generally needs to be replaced every 2 years or 40,000 kilometers. This is just a reference interval. For commercial vehicles with higher mileage, the replacement cycle should be shorter. Since driving conditions vary for each vehicle, the replacement should be based on actual usage. Check the antifreeze condition regularly—if it is insufficient, replenish it promptly; if suspended particles, sediment, or discoloration are observed, replace the antifreeze and clean the system immediately. Method for replacing antifreeze: Before a complete antifreeze replacement, conduct a thorough inspection to check for leaks or cracks in all pipes, with particular attention to the five-way hose. The five-way hose, named for its five connecting interfaces to different parts, distributes antifreeze to various sections of the car after flowing through it. If antifreeze leakage is detected in this section, replace the hose or reseal the connections as needed. Drain the old antifreeze and flush the fluid channels with clean water. Add water to the antifreeze reservoir and continuously flush the engine cooling system. Then, let the engine idle for 3 to 5 minutes to circulate the water. Initially, the water flowing out will have a faint pink tint. Continue adding clean water until the outflow is clear. Remember to remove the heater hose and drain the heater water completely. About an hour after draining, add new antifreeze through the radiator hose to allow quick flow into the radiator. Then, fill the antifreeze reservoir with another bottle of antifreeze until it is nearly full. Start the engine and let it run for about 10 minutes. As some air is expelled from the cooling system, the fluid level will drop. Top up the antifreeze to the "MAXT" mark on the reservoir.

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What are the differences between China V and China VI emission standards?

The differences between China V and China VI emission standards are as follows: Different emission standards: The China VI emission standard is more than 30% stricter than China V. Excluding the influence of operating conditions and testing, gasoline vehicles' carbon monoxide emissions are reduced by 50%, total hydrocarbons and non-methane hydrocarbons emissions are reduced by 50%, and nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced by 42%. Different implementation times: The China V standard was implemented nationwide on January 1, 2017, as the fifth stage of national motor vehicle emission standards. The China VI standard has been implemented since July 1, 2019. Different principles: During the China V phase, diesel and gasoline vehicles had different emission standards, but China VI adopts a fuel-neutral principle, meaning that regardless of the fuel type, the emission limits are the same. Different issuing departments: The China V standard was issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The China VI standard was issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine. Different letter representations: China V is represented by "V," and China VI is represented by "VI." Different monitoring requirements for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: Compared to China V, China VI has improved monitoring requirements for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, including regulations on energy storage systems, thermal management systems, brake regeneration, drive motors, generators, etc. The China V standard limits are as follows: Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 1,000 milligrams of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 68 milligrams of non-methane hydrocarbons per kilometer driven. Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 60 milligrams of nitrogen oxides per kilometer driven. Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 4.5 milligrams of PM (particulate matter) per kilometer driven. China VI has two standards: China VIa and China VIb, as follows: China VIa standard limits: Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 700 milligrams of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 68 milligrams of non-methane hydrocarbons per kilometer driven. Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 60 milligrams of nitrogen oxides per kilometer driven. Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 4.5 milligrams of PM (particulate matter) per kilometer driven. China VIb standard limits: Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 500 milligrams of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 35 milligrams of non-methane hydrocarbons per kilometer driven. Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 35 milligrams of nitrogen oxides per kilometer driven. Gasoline vehicles must not emit more than 3 milligrams of PM (particulate matter) per kilometer driven. Affected by the China VI emission policy, although China V vehicles are not currently restricted from normal use, such as road restrictions or license plate limitations, their resale value will be significantly impacted. For car owners, if they purchase a truck on loan for cargo transport, the vehicle's depreciation after repaying the loan is equivalent to the net profit earned during that period. A higher residual value means more profit for the owner. Therefore, from this perspective, China VI vehicles, which have a longer service life and more road rights, are more advantageous.

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How to Check the Date on a Seat Belt?

Seat belt dates can be found in two places: one is in the car's manual, and the other is at the end of the seat belt. The car manual contains comprehensive and intuitive information such as the seat belt's safety inspection certification, manufacturer, production date, and labor safety protection product license. At the end of the seat belt, there is usually a label with detailed information including the car brand's logo, QR code, seat belt production date, and seat belt code. Seat belts are safety devices designed to restrain occupants during a collision, preventing secondary impacts with the steering wheel or dashboard, or avoiding injuries caused by being ejected from the vehicle during a crash.

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What is the difference between Su U and Su E license plates?

What are the methods for rust removal on cars?

How Many Chances Are There for a Makeup Test in Driving Test Subject 2?

Starter Makes Abnormal Noise and Fails to Start When Turning the Key?

When is the Best Time to Replace Antifreeze?

What are the differences between China V and China VI emission standards?

How to Check the Date on a Seat Belt?

How to Clean an Oxygen Sensor?

What is the maximum speed a tire marked with V can run?

Should Passat use 5W30 or 5W40 engine oil?

How to Deal with Water Leaking into the Car from the Door?