What is the Difference Between a Torsen Center Differential and a Multi-Plate Clutch?
2 Answers
Torsen center differential and multi-plate clutch have the following differences: Different nature: Torsen differential: It functions as a differential when the differential torque within the differential is small. When the differential torque in the differential is too large, the differential automatically locks, thereby effectively improving the vehicle's off-road capability. Multi-plate clutch: It is a wet multi-plate slip-ring electromagnetic clutch that needs to work under lubrication conditions. Different principles: Torsen differential principle: It uses the high internal friction torque Mr of the worm gear and worm drive pair for torque distribution. The internal friction torque mr depends on the relative speed of the two output shafts. When the relative speed difference between the two output shafts is small, the friction force of the worm driven by the rear worm gear is also small. The differential spur gear absorbs the speed difference between the two output shafts. Multi-plate clutch principle: Its working principle is that the clutch piston uses compressed air from the rotary joint to press the friction plates against the baffle, engaging the clutch. Once the compressed air is disconnected, the spring pushes the piston back to its original position, disengaging the clutch.
I've seen many four-wheel drive systems, and the Torsen center differential and multi-plate clutch are completely different design philosophies. The Torsen is gear-based, automatically adjusting power distribution between the front and rear wheels through planetary gears without any electronic system intervention. It feels particularly stable on slippery roads, like in older Audi quattro models, but the downside is its large size, added vehicle weight, and higher fuel consumption. The multi-plate clutch relies on electromagnetic or hydraulic pressure to engage multiple clutch plates for power distribution, allowing the computer to adjust the ratio in real-time. It responds super quickly in complex conditions like snowy slopes or muddy terrain, meeting the lightweight and efficient demands of modern urban SUVs. However, the clutch plates are prone to wear and require regular maintenance. Overall, the Torsen is durable and reliable, suitable for off-road enthusiasts, while the multi-plate clutch is smarter and more convenient but may incur higher long-term maintenance costs.
